COMMUNICATION 1801609 (1 of 8) underneath, and the thickness of the film. [3] While this setting has been widely explored in quasi-static regimes, wherein inertial effects are ignored, the dynamic formation and propagation of such surface wrinkles in soft, viscoelastic, and layered elastomers subjected to high-speed impact has hitherto not been studied. Many works have explored the dynamics of related systems prone to elastic instabilities ranging from studies of dynamic buckling of thin bars [12][13][14] to Schallamach waves, [15] and studies (see ref.[16] and references therein) including the dynamics of wrinkling instabilities of thin, freestanding elastic sheets [17] and bands, [18] floating membranes, [19] and filaments in viscous fluids. [20] Recent works have also explored the dynamics of layered composites containing stiff inclusions in soft, viscoelastic matrices subjected to strain rates of up to 10 −1 s −1 , [21] and axial dynamic pulse buckling in sandwich composite plates. [22,23] In contexts directly related to wrinkling of stiff films on viscoelastomeric bases, recent studies have also theoretically explored the dynamics of wrinkle growth and coarsening, [24][25][26][27][28] as well as experimentally studied the slow (≈300 s) growth and reorganization of folds and wrinkles under biaxial compression [8] and changing compression direction, [29] respectively, slip dynamics of ripple dislocation, [30] evaporationdriven wrinkle growth, [31] and nanoscale anisotropic wrinkle growth under the presence of ion bombardment. [32] In this work, we study the dynamics of surface wrinkle formation and propagation in a soft elastomer block containing a stiff surface film due to high-speed plate impact (simulated strain rates over 500 s −1 and plate velocities approaching 25% of wave speeds observed in the block). The plate travels such that its velocity vector lies within the plane of the film, and the impact launches a large-deformation compression wave in the block that induces progressive wrinkle formation. We measure the evolution of the wrinkles using high-speed video and compare the measured dynamics with those of the opposite side of the same block (which does not contain a surface film). By tracking the out-of-plane motion of the surfaces and the 2D motion of several surface particles in each case, we see that inertial (wave propagation) effects play a major role in the substrate and drive the formation of wrinkling instabilities. We observe that the wrinkle formation speed correlates with, but is slightly slower than, the speed of the compression wave in the block, the trajectory of the tracked surface particles are nearly the same for both cases (with and without the film), andThe formation of periodic wrinkles in soft layered materials due to mechanical instabilities is prevalent in nature and has been proposed for use in multiple applications. However, such phenomena have been explored predominantly in quasi-static settings. Here, the dynamics of soft elastomeric blocks with stiff surface films subj...
The dynamic formation of periodic surface wrinkling patterns due to high speed impact is observed in stiff surface films deposited on soft elastomeric blocks. The wrinkles‐on‐waves surface profiles are analyzed using nonlinear visco‐hyperelastic finite element simulations coupled to an analytical wrinkling model. Effects of inertia and viscoelasticity on the dynamic formation of mechanical instabilities in soft materials are discussed. More details can be found in article number https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201801609 by Maroun Abi Ghanem, Shengqiang Cai, Nicholas Boechler and co‐workers. Image: Ella Maru Studio.
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