Objective: The coronavirus pandemic has led to a dramatically different way of working for many therapists working with eating disorders, where telehealth has suddenly become the norm. However, many clinicians feel ill equipped to deliver therapy via telehealth, while adhering to evidence-based interventions. This article draws together clinician experiences of the issues that should be attended to, and how to address them within a telehealth framework.Method: Seventy clinical colleagues of the authors were emailed and invited to share their concerns online about how to deliver cognitive-behavioral therapy for eating disorders (CBT-ED) via telehealth, and how to adapt clinical practice to deal with the problems that they and others had encountered. After 96 hr, all the suggestions that had been shared by 22 clinicians were collated to provide timely advice for other clinicians.Results: A range of themes emerged from the online discussion. A large proportion were general clinical and practical domains (patient and therapist concerns about telehealth; technical issues in implementing telehealth; changes in the environment), but there were also specific considerations and clinical recommendations about the delivery of CBT-ED methods.Discussion: Through interaction and sharing of ideas, clinicians across the world produced a substantial number of recommendations about how to use telehealth to work with people with eating disorders while remaining on track with evidencebased practice. These are shared to assist clinicians over the period of changed practice.
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To our knowledge, this was the largest study to characterize predictors of treatment seeking in adults with EDs. Results from this study were consistent with existing literature documenting age and sex differences in treatment seeking among adolescents with an ED. Findings suggest a need for improved ED education and outreach-including greater mental health/ED literacy and decreased stigmatization for patients, providers, and the general public-and additional persuasive public-health messages to change community knowledge about treatment options for younger persons and men with EDs.
Development of specific training modules may be useful for improving adherence to empirically supported protocols that recommend open weighing. More importantly, however, our results highlight the need for future treatment studies to identify whether blind or open weighing is beneficial for improving patient outcomes.
Approximately 10% to 30% of individuals with eating disorders (EDs) are male, yet because measures often have not been tested among male participants, it is unclear whether the psychometric properties of ED measures are equivalent between sexes. The purpose of this study was to compare the test-retest reliability of common ED measures in men versus women. Participants ( N = 227; 58.1% female) completed self-report measures of body dissatisfaction, restrained eating, disinhibited eating, bulimic symptoms, and desire-for-muscularity at baseline and 2-to-4 weeks later. Intraclass correlations were used to compute retest correlations. Spearman's rho was used to compute retest correlations for skewed and kurtotic variables. We compared 95% confidence intervals for intraclass correlation coefficients to determine whether measures differed in reliability between sexes. Most ED measures had at least acceptable test-retest reliabilities. However, few measures of disinhibited and binge eating demonstrated good reliability in men. Results highlight the utility of several ED measures for assessing symptom change over time, and the need for additional research to identify and correct for sources of gender unreliability among ED self-report measures in men-particularly for assessing constructs that include binge-eating behavior.
Proper assessment and diagnosis of eating disorders (EDs) are critical to determine to whom prevention and treatment efforts should be targeted, the extent to which treatment is working, and when an individual has recovered. Although existing ED diagnostic interviews have numerous strengths, they also have certain limitations, including poor internal consistency, low discriminant validity, and poor factorstructure replicability. The purpose of the current study was to address problems of past ED diagnostic interviews through the creation of a new clinician-rated interview-the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory-Clinician-Rated Version (EPSI-CRV). The EPSI-CRV was designed to measure dimensional constructs assessed in the self-report version of the EPSI and generate current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) diagnoses. Participants were community-recruited adults with a DSM-5 ED (N ϭ 257). Participants completed self-report and interview-based measures of eating, mood, and anxiety disorders and self-report measures of psychiatric impairment. The EPSI-CRV demonstrated evidence for interrater reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and a good-fitting factor structure. EPSI-CRV dimensions showed concurrent validity for distinguishing among ED diagnoses. Baseline EPSI-CRV dimensions significantly predicted psychiatric impairment at baseline but not at 1-year follow-up. Although some scales had lower internal consistency than ideal, internal consistency values were similar to those of other established diagnostic measures. The EPSI-CRV appears to represent a promising new interview that can be used across a variety of clinical and research settings. Interested readers can access the EPSI-CRV and relevant training materials here: https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/handle/1808/29616.
Public Significance StatementIt is important to properly assess and diagnose eating disorders (EDs) to determine to whom prevention and treatment efforts should be targeted, the extent to which treatment is working, and when an individual has recovered. However, most ED diagnostic assessments have problems that limit their usefulness in clinical practice and research. Our results showed that our new diagnostic assessment-the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory-Clinician-Rated Version (EPSI-CRV)performed as well as, or better than, past ED diagnostic assessments. Thus, the EPSI-CRV represents a promising new diagnostic tool for use by clinicians and researchers.
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