Background: Proteases are required to generate peptide neurotransmitters. Results: Human cathepsin V participates in the production of enkephalin and NPY peptide neurotransmitters illustrated by gene expression and silencing. Conclusion: Human cathepsin V participates in producing enkephalin and NPY neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles. Significance: Elucidation of human-specific proteases participating in peptide neurotransmitter production is essential for understanding human health and disease.

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