Records of organic matter accumulation, organic carbon isotopic composition and iron content covering the last 1.7 Ma are presented for the Congo Fan Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1075, and are compared with their counterparts from ODP Site 663 in the equatorial upwelling region. They are discussed with regard to variations in African precipitation and Congo River discharge and in the context of changes in trade-wind-driven marine productivity for the tropical Atlantic at periodicities typical of Milankovitch forcing. On the Congo Fan, elevated total organic carbon mass accumulation rates (TOC MAR) and Fe intensities occur predominantly during interglacial periods when the African monsoon was most intense. Band-pass filtering applied to TOC MAR shows distinct precessional variations, indicating that the African climate was largely controlled by low-latitude insolation changes. Only for the last 0.6 Ma, an interval of enhanced glacial-interglacial climate changes, is the precessional TOC MAR signal superimposed by a strong 100 ka oscillation. In contrast, variations in terrestrial iron input to the Congo Fan indicate pronounced 100 ka variance already well before global glacial-interglacial cycles increased in amplitude between 0.9 and 0.6 Ma. Obliquity cycles in the Fe signal are strongly expressed for the last 0.9 Ma. The highest amplitudes in the precessional variance of fluvial Fe input occur when amplitudes in the 100 ka oscillation were at intermediate levels and reveal a 800 ka cycle in phase shift with respect to precessional forcing. Together with a pronounced 800 ka signal in the 100 ka amplitude variations during the last 1.7 Ma, the Congo Fan iron record therefore suggests that eccentricity modulation of the low-latitude insolation directly influenced the equatorial African monsoon system and probably the weathering conditions on land. It further suggests that low-latitude precessional forcing and monsoonal response in the tropics might have played an important role for 100 ka cycles in global climate well before huge continental ice sheets existed.
Studies on interrelationship between Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and wheat plants in consideration of15N‐distribution
In spring wheat heavy infestation by Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) caused a displacement of the 15N absorbed from the substrate to the places of sucking (stalkes, leaves) and off the ears. Simultaneously, yield and 15N‐uptake ability of wheat plants were reduced.
Zusammenfassung
Starker Befall mit Aphiden der Art Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) bewirkte bei Sommerweizen eine Umverteilung des aus dem Substrat aufgenommenen 15N zugunsten der Saugorte (Halme, Blätter) und zu Lasten der Ähren. Gleichzeitig waren Ertrag und 15N‐Aneignungsvermögen der Pflanzen vermindert.
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