Nous utilisons ici les donn6es de l'Enquete longitudinale nationale sur les enfants et les jeunes (cycles 1 3) pour r6pondre a la question suivante : la qualite du logement et du voisinage influe-t-elle sur le bien-&tre et le d6veloppement des enfants, et, si oui, de quelles faqons ? A partir d'un 6chantillon repr6sentatif et selon des modiles de traitement endogine, nous 6valuons l'impact de variables descriptivesle fait d'8tre proprietaire de sa r6sidence, l'aide au logement, la n6cessit6 de reparations majeures, la stabilit6 residentielle, l'espace insuffisant dans le logement et la qualit6 du voisinagesur les aspects cognitifs, comportementaux et 6motionnels de la vie des enfants. Nous observons que le fait d'8tre proprietaire a des impacts positifs sur les scores de lecture des jeunes. L'aide au logement a des effets positifs sur les scores comportementaux des garqons, mais negatifs sur les scores emotionnels des filles (les autres variables 6tant fixes). Par ailleurs, la n&cessit6 de r6parations majeures nuit aux scores des filles et des gargons, mais seuls les garqons sont influenc6s par l'instabilit6 r6sidentielle. We use data from Cycles 1 to 3 of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth to examine whether and how much housing and neighbourhood quality affect child outcomes. Home ownership, housing assistance, the need for major repairs, residential stability, underhousing, and neighbourhood quality are used as explanatory variables in population-averaged panel data and endogenous treatment models to estimate the impact of these variables on child cognitive, behavioural, and emotional outcomes. We find positive impacts of home ownership on reading scores, and positive impacts of housing subsidies on boys' behavioural scores, but negative impacts of subsidies on girls' emotional scores after controlling for other factors. Both girls and boys fare worse in housing requiring major repairs, but boys are negatively affected by housing instability, while girls are negatively affected by poor neighbourhood quality.
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