BackgroundOliguria is one of the leading triggers of fluid loading in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive value of urine Na+ (uNa+) and other routine urine biomarkers for cardiac fluid responsiveness in oliguric ICU patients.MethodsWe conducted a prospective multicenter observational study in five university ICUs. Patients with urine output (UO) <0.5 ml/kg/h for 3 consecutive hours with a mean arterial pressure >65 mmHg received a fluid challenge. Cardiac fluid responsiveness was defined by an increase in stroke volume >15 % after fluid challenge. Urine and plasma biochemistry samples were examined before fluid challenge. We examined renal fluid responsiveness (defined as UO >0.5 ml/kg/h for 3 consecutive hours) after fluid challenge as a secondary endpoint.ResultsFifty-four patients (age 51 ± 37 years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II score 40 ± 20) were included. Most patients (72 %) were not cardiac responders (CRs), and 50 % were renal responders (RRs) to fluid challenge. Patient characteristics were similar between CRs and cardiac nonresponders. uNa+ (37 ± 38 mmol/L vs 25 ± 75 mmol/L, p = 0.44) and fractional excretion of sodium (FENa+) (2.27 ± 2.5 % vs 2.15 ± 5.0 %, p = 0.94) were not statistically different between those who did and those who did not respond to the fluid challenge. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves were 0.51 (95 % CI 0.35–0.68) and 0.56 (95 % CI 0.39–0.73) for uNa+ and FENa+, respectively. Fractional excretion of urea had an AUROC curve of 0.70 (95 % CI 0.54–0.86, p = 0.03) for CRs. Baseline UO was higher in RRs than in renal nonresponders (1.07 ± 0.78 ml/kg/3 h vs 0.65 ± 0.53 ml/kg/3 h, p = 0.01). The AUROC curve for RRs was 0.65 (95 % CI 0.53–0.78) for uNa+.ConclusionsIn the present study, most oliguric patients were not CRs and half were not renal responders to fluid challenge. Routine urinary biomarkers were not predictive of fluid responsiveness in oliguric normotensive ICU patients.
The relative contribution of 14 preoperative risk factors to a high intraoperative blood loss was studied in 95 consecutive first pediatric orthotopic liver transplantations (OLT). Patients were distributed in two groups according to red blood cell (RBC) requirements. Wide interindividual RBC requirements were observed (median, 79 mL/kg; range, 4-586). The upper quartile of the population was defined as the high blood loss group and required 123 mL/kg or more (median, 161). On univariate analysis, the high blood loss group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with portal vein hypoplasia, intraabdominal malformations, signs of severe liver failure (encephalopathy, ascites, prolonged prothrombin time), and requiring inpatient support. Age, previous abdominal surgery, and platelet count had no prognostic value. All variables used in the univariate analysis were included in a stepwise logistic regression analysis. Only presence of portal vein hypoplasia, inpatient support, and use of a reduced-size liver graft were independently associated with a high blood loss. Adjusted odds ratios were 40.4 (95% confidence interval; 5.9-278), 5.4 (1.6-17.9), and 3.8 (0.9-15.2), respectively, highlighting the importance of portal vein hypoplasia as a risk factor for high blood loss.
BackgroundImpact of early systemic hemodynamic alterations and fluid resuscitation on outcome in the modern burn care remains controversial. We investigate the association between acute-phase systemic hemodynamics, timing of fluid resuscitation and outcome in critically ill burn patients.MethodsRetrospective, single-center cohort study was conducted in a university hospital. Forty critically ill burn patients with total body surface area (TBSA) burn-injured >20 % with invasive blood pressure and cardiac output monitoring (transpulmonary thermodilution technique) within 8 h from trauma were included. We retrospectively examined hemodynamic variables during the first 24 h following admission, and their association with 90-day mortality.ResultsThe median (interquartile range 25th–75th percentile) TBSA, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) and Abbreviated Burn Severity Index of the study population were 41 (29–56), 31 (23–50) and 9 (7–11) %, respectively. 90-Day mortality was 42 %. There was no statistical difference between the median pre-hospital and 24-h administered fluid volume in survivors and non-survivors. On admission, stroke volume (SV), cardiac index (CI), oxygen delivery index and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were significantly lower in patients who died despite similar fluid resuscitation volume. ROC curves comparing the ability of initial SV, CI, MAP and lactate to discriminate 90-day mortality gave areas under curves of, respectively, 0.89 (CI 0.77–1), 0.77 (CI 0.58–0.95), 0.73 (CI 0.53–0.93) and 0.78 (CI 0.63–0.92); (p value <0.05 for all). In multivariate analysis, SAPS II and initial SV were independently associated with 90-day mortality (best cutoff value for SV was 27 mL, sensitivity 92 %, specificity 69 %). During 24 h, no interaction was found between time and outcome regarding macrocirculatory parameters changes. Hemodynamic parameters improved during the first 24-h resuscitation in all patients but patients who died had lower SV and CI on admission, which remained through the first 24 h.ConclusionLow initial SV and CI were associated with poor outcome in critically ill burn patients. Very early hemodynamic monitoring may in help detecting under-resuscitated patients. Future prospective interventional studies should explore the impact of early goal-directed therapy in these specific patients.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13613-016-0192-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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