This mixed methods, longitudinal study considered the developing awareness of racism of adolescents of color over 4 years of high school. A series of latent growth models were fit to consider participating adolescents' (n = 643) developing awareness of interpersonal and institutional forms of racism over five waves of surveys.

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This qualitative study considered the development of a commitment to antiracist activism among Black and Latinx adolescents (n = 50) over 4 years of high school. Four waves of interviews with participating adolescents were analysed using a critical consciousness framework to consider participants' descriptions of their developing commitment to antiracist activism and the factors contributing to this development. From these analyses emerged five different trajectories of adolescents' developing commitment to activism that included steady growth over 4 years of high school, more sudden growth in the final years of high school, steady growth in the beginning years of high school followed by subsequent disengagement, and, finally, students whose commitments remained consistently high or low throughout high school.

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Results from this survey indicated that within heterosexual cross-sex friendships, perceptions of friendship intimacy for females were more strongly tied to their positive attitudes toward: enacting and receiving more touch, enacting and receiving more safe haven (e.g., caretaking) touch, and perceiving touch as more sexually arousing, when compared to males. Females were more motivated not to touch their cross-sex friends in public regardless of intimacy perceptions and did not positively perceive safe haven touch if they did not have a romantic partner. It is argued that males' and females' attitudes toward touch in cross-sex friendships diverge due to evolved differences related to parental investment and the manner in which they are socialized to perceive their roles in cross-sex friendships.The evolutionary, social, and biological potential for sexual intimacy and the growth of heterosexual cross-sex friendships into romantic relationships makes them an interesting target for examining relational and attitudinal differences between men and women. This study examines male and female attitudes toward touch communication in cross-sex friendships. This topic coincides with a broader concern pertaining to the potential decline of human-to-human touch communication. Some scholars have argued that there is a growing fear of touch between people in general due in part to an overemphasis on the sexual nature of touch, which results in a consequent "hunger" to communicate with physical contact (Field, 2001;Piper & Stronach, 2008). Touch between cross-sex friends seems to resonate with this conceptualization of fear-hunger, because