A sensor approach for monitoring temperature uniformity, and also integrated water mole fraction, in the exit plane of a high-pressure gas turbine combustor is presented. The sensor, intended for use in an active control system, is based on infrared line-of-sight absorption measurements of water with a relatively broadband light source. Performance of the sensor was simulated using a computer model based on the HITRAN/HITEMP database for the infrared absorption of water. Speci c regions of interest near 2.5 µ m were identi ed, based on their relative sensitivity to temperature. One region is relatively insensitive to temperature and permits monitoring of integrated water mole fraction across the exhaust. Two wavelengths, one with positive slope sensitivity and the other negative, are used to monitor the uniformity of the exhaust temperature pro le. The linearity and sensitivity of the approach to uncertainties in the spectral shape and width, as well as the wavelength of the ltered light source, are also presented.
During the everyday usage of an automobile, only 10–16% of the fuel energy is used to drive the car — to overcome the resistance from road friction and air drag. One important loss is the dissipation of vibration energy by shock absorbers in the vehicle suspension under the excitation of road irregularity and vehicle acceleration or deceleration. In this paper we design, characterize, and test a retrofit regenerative shock absorber which can efficiently recover the vibration energy in a compact space. Rare-earth permanent magnets and high permeable magnetic loop are used to configure a four-phase linear generator with increased efficiency and reduced weight. Finite element method is used to analyze the magnetic field and guide the design optimization. A theoretical model is created to analyze the waveforms and regenerated energy of the harvester at various vibration amplitudes, frequencies, equilibrium positions, and design parameters. Experimental studies of a 1:2-scale prototype are conducted and the results agree very well with the theoretical predictions.
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