A moving-base driving simulator was used in three experiments involving driver reaction time (RT) to simulated crosswind disturbances. Analyses were conducted on driver steering reaction time (RT) to the disturbances. Experiment 1 revealed that RT was significantly shorter when physical-motion cues were present. A second variable, vehicle yaw rate rise time, showed no effect. In Experiment 2, design parameters influencing aerodynamic behavior of a vehicle were adjusted. RT increased as the vehicle center of pressure (point of crosslvind application) moved rearward (rom the (ront axle. However, rearward movement of the center of pressure also produced less disturbance of the vehicle itself Changes in understeer and steering sensitivity yielded no significant effect. In Experiment 3, both uninitiated drivers and drivers with time on task were examined. Neither the first exposure to a step gust nor driving time up to 150 mirl caused significant changes in RT when perfurmance was compared with that of practiced, fresh drivers. Interexperiment comparisons using crosswind amplitude and shape as independent variables demonstrated that the amplitude and rise time of the crosswinds were critical determinants of steering RT.
The Departments of Neurology and Bioengineering, The University of MichiganIn a previous study, we 10 addressed ourselves to the question of whether amantadine was effective in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. By qualitative and quantitative criteria, amantadine ( Symmetrel) was found to be a safe and effective agent, with specific improvement occurring in tests involving gait, coordination, strength, and more complex activities of daily living. We here report a comparison of levodopa, amantadine, and the combination of the two in the therapy of parkinsonism, using the same battery of subjective and objective tests of neurologic and neuropsychological function as in the previous study 10 and incorporating an additional battery of tracking tests designed to measure more complex coordinated movements.
28
Patients and methodsTwenty-eight of the 42 patients participating in the previous trial remained for the 18 month duration of the experiment.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.