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Purpose Clinical trials have demonstrated that standardized voice treatment programs are effective for some patients, but identifying the unique individual treatment ingredients specifically responsible for observed improvements remains elusive. To address this problem, the authors used a taxonomy of voice therapy, the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System (RTSS), and a Delphi process to develop the RTSS-Voice (expert consensus categories of measurable and unique voice treatment ingredients and targets). Method Initial targets and ingredients were derived from a taxonomy of voice therapy. Through six Delphi Rounds, 10 vocal rehabilitation experts rated the measurability and uniqueness of individual treatment targets and ingredients. After each round, revisions (guided by the experts' feedback) were finalized among a primary reader (a voice therapy expert) and two external readers (rehabilitation experts outside the field of voice). Consensus was established when the label and definition of an ingredient or target reached a supramajority threshold (≥ 8 of 10 expert agreement). Results Thirty-five target and 19 ingredient categories were agreed to be measurable, unique, and accurate reflections of the rules and terminology of the RTSS. Operational definitions for each category included differences in the way ingredients are delivered and the way individual targets are modified by those ingredients. Conclusions The consensus labels and operationalized ingredients and targets making up the RTSS-Voice have potential to improve voice therapy research, practice, and education/training. The methods used to develop these lists may be useful for other speech, language, and hearing treatment specifications. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.15243357

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Background Ongoing contention surrounding typical demographic and clinical attributes of chronic cough (CC) and paradoxical vocal fold motion (PVFM) impedes timely diagnosis and optimum patient care. Designed to reduce preventable patient morbidity through improved recognition and differentiation, the current study aimed to determine representative clinical profiles for CC and PVFM, with identification of distinctive attributes from the general population and risk factors associated with each diagnosis. Methods Self-reported medical questionnaires, demographic and lifestyle attributes of CC and PVFM cases from a disease-specific outcomes database were compared to US population data and published normative values. Univariate comparison and multivariate regression modelling of age, sex, alcohol intake, smoking, Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), Voice Handicap Index (VHI), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale (GAD-7) determined distinguishing features between the clinical groups, including odds ratios for presenting with CC versus PVFM. Results Clinical profiles developed from 283 (128 CC, 155 PVFM) adults (18–91years) were significantly different from the general population across each demographic, lifestyle and clinical variable (all p<.01), with the exception of obesity. Age (55.39 ± 13.54 vs 45.07 ± 16.51years, p<.01) and mean RSI score (21.5 ±9.02 vs 18.1±9.08, p<.01) most reliably distinguished CC from PVFM, with those aged 60–69 years (OR=9.45) most likely to be diagnosed with CC. Conclusions Standard clinical profiles of CC and PVFM are distinct from the general population, aiding determination of relative probabilities and risk factors in the differential diagnostic process. Variations between CC and PVFM were subtle, reliably distinguished by age and relative severity of laryngopharyngeal reflux symptomatology.