The type III TGF-β receptor (TβRIII) is a TGF-β co-receptor that presents ligand to the type II TGF-β receptor to initiate signaling. TβRIII also undergoes ectodomain shedding to release a soluble form (sTβRIII) that can bind ligand, sequestering it away from cell surface receptors. We have previously identified a TβRIII extracellular mutant that has enhanced ectodomain shedding (“super shedding (SS)” – TβRIII-SS). Here we utilize TβRIII-SS to study the balance of cell surface and soluble TβRIII in the context of lung cancer. We demonstrate that expressing TβRIII-SS in lung cancer cell models induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and that these TβRIII-SS (EMT) cells are less migratory, invasive and adhesive and more resistance to gemcitabine. Moreover, TβRIII-SS (EMT) cells exhibit decreased tumorigenicity but increased growth rate in vitro and in vivo . These studies suggest that the balance of cell surface and soluble TβRIII may regulate a dichotomous role for TβRIII during cancer progression.
Abstract-We investigate the idea of providing informationtheoretic security at the network and data link layers by exploiting the timing information resulting from queuing of packets between a source, an intended receiver, and other users in a network. Specifically, we consider the secure transmission of messages by encoding them onto the interarrival timing of packets that enter parallel queues. By leveraging recent results on the secrecy capacity of arbitrary wiretap channels, achievable secrecy rates are obtained. We also show that equivalent secrecy rates can be achieved using a deterministic encoding strategy, which provides an example contrasting the fact that for many memoryless channels a stochastic encoder is required to achieve non-zero secrecy rates.
-We describe the design and development of a portable software radio prototype device built primarily using commercial off-the-shelf components and open-source software. The device components include a generalpurpose processor (GPP) on a small-form-factor motherboard, radio hardware, touchscreen and LCD, audio microphone and speaker, and an internal battery enabling hours of mobile operation. This device demonstrates that a GPP-based software radio can be implemented in a portable-form-factor using current technology. We describe the design and selection of hardware components, identification and modification of the operating system, and installation of the selected radio software. We discuss trade-offs in the selection of hardware and software, decisions that proved to be stable throughout the lifetime of the project, issues that arose, and lessons learned along the way.
Abstract-This paper speculates on a perspective for studying overhead in communication systems that contrasts the traditional viewpoint that overhead is the "non-data" portion of transmissions. By viewing overhead as the cost of constraints imposed on a system, information-theoretic techniques can be used to obtain fundamental limits on overhead information, and multiple constraints lead to an intriguing chain rule for overhead. In principle, protocol overhead in practical implementations can then be benchmarked against these fundamental limits in order to identify opportunities for improvement. Several examples are discussed within this developing framework.
We discuss implementation aspects of a software-defined radio system that allows for dynamic waveform reconfiguration during runtime without interrupting dataflow processing. Traditional software-defined radio systems execute a waveform statically, exactly as it is programmed. Reconfiguration is provided by executing a different waveform, which requires the system to stop processing data while reconfiguration occurs, and also may incur an unacceptable delay for some applications. Recent research has demonstrated basic reconfiguration by programming multiple branches into a waveform and dynamically switching between branches. This technique requires redundant resources and in general cannot be expanded to encompass all possible waveforms of interest, but, if implemented carefully, could be made to seamlessly process data. We propose a system that allows for dynamic insertion and removal of entire waveforms, individual constituent blocks, and block algorithm implementations tailored to specific processors. Our system performs this reconfiguration while maintaining processing state, seamlessly without interrupting data-processing, and with only the resources necessary for the given waveform and processors. In order to leverage this new level of reconfigurability, we created a new system component: a supervisor. This system supervisor monitors the state of each processor and waveform execution, and moves computations among available processors as their loads, capabilities, and block algorithm implementations allow. An example using a simple supervisor is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of our system.
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