Multiple distinct oxidative group transfer reactions to low valent chromium were examined. Six new chromium complexes were prepared from a highly electronically unsaturated Cr(II) square planar complex that was supported by a macrocyclic tetracarbene ligand. This complex's reactivity with MeNO and disparate azides was investigated. The reaction with MeNO generated a highly stable Cr(IV)-oxo complex. Less bulky organic azides such as p-tolyl and n-octyl azides gave rise to metallotetrazenes, while more sterically demanding mesityl and adamantyl azides generated Cr(IV)-imido complexes. The reaction of the square planar Cr(II) complex with TMS-azide yielded the first linearly bridging nitrido chromium species. Reductive group transfer was explored for a Cr(IV)-imido complex, and organic products, such as aziridines, were formed after addition. Cr(IV) imidos and oxos are quite rare, while tetrazenes and bridging nitridos are virtually unknown. This is the most detailed study on oxidative group transfer reactions using chromium based complexes on a single auxiliary ligand to date.

In this report we examine a family of trinuclear iron complexes by multiple-wavelength, anomalous diffraction (MAD) to explore the redox load distribution within cluster materials by the free refinement of atomic scattering factors. Several effects were explored that can impact atomic scattering factors within clusters, including 1) metal atom primary coordination sphere, 2) M−M bonding, and 3) redox delocalization in formally mixed-valent species. Complexes were investigated which vary from highly symmetric to fully asymmetric by 57Fe Mössbauer and X-ray diffraction to explore the relationship between MAD-derived data and the data available from these widely used characterization techniques. The compounds examined include the all-ferrous clusters [nBu4N][(tbsL)Fe3(μ3–Cl)] (1) ([tbsL]6– = [1,3,5-C6H9(NC6H4-o-NSitBuMe2)3]6–]), (tbsL)Fe3(py) (2), [K(C222)]2[(tbsL)Fe3(μ3–NPh)] (4) (C222 = 2,2,2-cryptand), and the mixed-valent (tbsL)Fe3(μ3–NPh) (3). Redox delocalization in mixed-valent 3 was explored with cyclic voltammetry (CV), zero-field 57Fe Mössbauer, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography techniques. We find that the MAD results show an excellent correspondence to 57Fe Mössbauer data; yet also can distinguish between subtle changes in local coordination geometries where Mössbauer cannot. Differences within aggregate oxidation levels are evident by systematic shifts of scattering factor envelopes to increasingly higher energies. However, distinguishing local oxidation levels in iso- or mixed-valent materials can be dramatically obscured by the degree of covalent intracore bonding. MAD-derived atomic scattering factor data emphasize in-edge features that are often difficult to analyze by X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Thus, relative oxidation levels within the cluster were most reliably ascertained from comparing the entire envelope of the atomic scattering factor data.

The differing structures and reactivities of "GaI" samples prepared with different reaction times have been investigated in detail. Analysis by FT-Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, (71)Ga solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and (127)I nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) provides concrete evidence for the structure of each "GaI" sample prepared. These techniques are widely accessible and can be implemented quickly and easily to identify the nature of the "GaI" in hand. The "GaI" prepared from exhaustive reaction times (100 min) is shown to possess Ga2I3 and an overall formula of [Ga(0)]2[Ga(+)]2[Ga2I6(2-)], while the "GaI" prepared with the shortest reaction time (40 min) contains GaI2 and has the overall formula [Ga(0)]2[Ga(+)][GaI4(-)]. Intermediate "GaI" samples were consistently shown to be fractionally composed of each of these two preceding formulations and no other distinguishable phases. These "GaI" phases were then shown to give unique products upon reactions with the anionic bis(phosphino)borate ligand class. The reaction of the early-phase "GaI" gives rise to a unique phosphine Ga(II) dimeric coordination compound (3), which was isolated reproducibly in 48% yield and convincingly characterized. A base-stabilized GaI→GaI3 fragment (4) was also isolated using the late-phase "GaI" and characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. These compounds can be considered unique examples of low-oxidation-state P→Ga coordination compounds and possess relatively long Ga-P bond lengths in the solid-state structures. The anionic borate backbone therefore results in interesting architectures about gallium that have not been observed with neutral phosphines.

Field trips are an underutilized opportunity to provide depth and richness in college-level chemistry courses. The authors have found that a field trip, such as to the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Lab, greatly enhances the impact of a course in X-ray crystallography. Students who attend this field trip report that it is a highlight of the course and develop a lasting interest in the science of X-ray crystallography as a result. We report on our experience in planning these trips, advise on best practices, and demonstrate the positive impact of a field trip on student learning and engagement.

The metal−metal-bonded molecule [Bu 4 N]-[( H L) 2 Fe 6 (dmf) 2 ] (Fe 6 ) was previously shown to possess a thermally isolated spin S = 19 / 2 ground state and found to exhibit slow magnetization relaxation below a blocking temperature of ∼5 K [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 13949−13956]. Here, we present a comprehensive spectroscopic investigation of this unique singlemolecule magnet (SMM), combining ultrawideband field-swept high-field electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) with frequencydomain Fourier-transform terahertz EPR to accurately quantify the spin Hamiltonian parameters of Fe 6 . Of particular importance is the near absence of a 4th-order axial zero-field splitting term, which is known to arise because of quantum mechanical mixing of spin states on account of the relatively weak spin−spin (superexchange) interactions in traditional polynuclear SMMs such as the celebrated Mn 12 -acetate. The combined high-resolution measurements on both powder samples and an oriented single crystal provide a quantitative measure of the isolated nature of the spin ground state in the Fe 6 molecule, as well as additional microscopic insights into factors that govern the quantum tunneling of its magnetization. This work suggests strategies for improving the performance of polynuclear SMMs featuring direct metal−metal bonds and strong ferromagnetic spin−spin (exchange) interactions.