In a sample of students referred to a school-based Pupil Assistance Committee, the Inattention and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity factors of the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale-IV were used to predict diagnostic status, determined by a parent-reported diagnostic interview and teacher rating scale. Results of logistic regression and receiver operating curve analyses indicated that the Inattention and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity factors differentiated students with ADHD from controls and distinguished children with different ADHD subtypes. Symptom utility estimates demonstrated that a single informant approach was best suited for ruling out ADHD, whereas a combined informant method was optimal for positively diagnosing this disorder. Methods for determining the incremental utility of combining teacher with parent reports were demonstrated.Because students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) usually display significant levels of impairment in school, the provision of school-based services for these children is essential (DuPaul & Stoner, 1994). The importance of schoolbased programming for students with ADHD was affirmed dramatically in 1991 when a memorandum issued by the U.S. Department of Education outlined the responsibilities of school officials in meeting the needs of students suspected of having ADHD (see Fowler, 1992). The need to establish school-based assessment and intervention programs for students with, or suspected of having, ADHD has been further highlighted by the recognition of the limitations of clinic-based models of care. Clinic-based professionals often cannot obtain naturalistic data about a child's functioning, whereas school personnel can readily collect a wealth of information about a child's functioning in diverse settings, including classroom, playground, and lunchroom (Atkins & Pelham, 1991). In addition, coordination of educational, health, and mental health services may be lacking in clinical settings that are not naturally linked to the community and can be achieved more readily in school-based mental health programs (Power, Atkins, Osborne, & Blum, 1994).
The prevalence of cryptococcal infection among advanced AIDS patients in the United States was high and above the published cost-effectiveness threshold for routine screening. We recommend routine CrAg screening among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with a CD4 count ≤100 cells/µL to detect and treat early infection.
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