On pretests, 3 men with brain injuries matched dictated names of three therapists to written names, but did not match dictated or written names to photos, produce correct names in response to photos, locate offices given written names, or name therapists on sight. Match-to-sample training established conditional relations between dictated names and photos. Posttests showed the emergence of untrained conditional relations involving photos and written names, indicating development of three classes of equivalent stimuli (each containing a dictated name, photo, and written name). For 1 participant, conditional relations involving photos of office nameplates were also examined, but did not emerge pre- or posttraining. Two participants produced names orally when given photos and sorted written names and faces together after training; the 3rd participant was unavailable for these posttests. After training, 1 participant located and named all three therapists in their offices.

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In this study the authors evaluated how a consistent sleep schedule would result in the participant’s being able to demonstrate a shorter latency between retiring for bed and sleep. A 44-year-old female went to bed within the same 15-minute time period at night and arose within the same 15-minute time period in the morning. A single-subject reversal design was used. During treatment, the average latency between going to bed and sleeping was 46 minutes (111 minutes before treatment), with the last 5 nights averaging 9 minutes of latency. The participant established consistency in her bedtime schedule by going to bed at the same time every night and by arising in the morning at the same time. This intervention resulted in the participant’s demonstrating a shorter latency between the onset of bedtime and going to sleep. This intervention and measuring procedure was used with little expense to the participant and yet captured the behavior change intended.

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