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Recurrent rotator cuff tears are not uncommon after arthroscopic repair of large and massive tears. These recurrent tears appear to occur more frequently in the early postoperative period (within the first 3 months) and are associated with inferior clinical outcomes.

The addition of indomethacin is effective in reducing the incidence of HO after hip arthroscopy and should be especially considered in male patients who undergo osteoplasty for correction of symptomatic FAI.

Context: Quadriceps dysfunction is a common consequence of knee joint injury and disease, yet its causes remain elusive.Objective: To determine the effects of pain on quadriceps strength and activation and to learn if simultaneous pain and knee joint effusion affect the magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction.Design: Crossover study. Setting: University research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Fourteen (8 men, 6 women; age ¼ 23.6 6 4.8 years, height ¼ 170.3 6 9.16 cm, mass ¼ 72.9 6 11.84 kg) healthy volunteers.Intervention(s): All participants were tested under 4 randomized conditions: normal knee, effused knee, painful knee, and effused and painful knee.Main Outcome Measure(s): Quadriceps strength (Nm/kg) and activation (central activation ratio) were assessed after each condition was induced.Results: Quadriceps strength and activation were highest under the normal knee condition and differed from the 3 experimental knee conditions (P , .05). No differences were noted among the 3 experimental knee conditions for either variable (P . .05).Conclusions: Both pain and effusion led to quadriceps dysfunction, but the interaction of the 2 stimuli did not increase the magnitude of the strength or activation deficits. Therefore, pain and effusion can be considered equally potent in eliciting quadriceps inhibition. Given that pain and effusion accompany numerous knee conditions, the prevalence of quadriceps dysfunction is likely high.Key Words: arthrogenic muscle inhibition, central activation failure, voluntary activation, muscles Key PointsKnee pain and effusion resulted in arthrogenic muscle inhibition and weakness of the quadriceps. The simultaneous presence of pain and effusion did not increase the magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction. To reduce arthrogenic muscle inhibition and improve muscle strength, clinicians should employ interventions that target removing both pain and effusion.

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