No abstract

No abstract

Background In contrast to standard donor retention strategies (e.g., mailings, phone calls, text messages), we developed a brief telephone interview, based on motivational interviewing principles, which encourages blood donors to reflect upon their unique motivators and barriers for giving. The present study examined the effect of this motivational interview, combined with action and coping plan components, on blood donor motivations. Study Design and Methods The design was to randomly assign blood donors to receive either a telephone-delivered motivational interview with action and coping plan components or a control call approximately six weeks after their most recent donation. Participants completed a series of surveys related to donation motivation approximately 3 weeks before telephone contact (pre-call baseline) and then repeated these surveys approximately one week after telephone contact (post-call). Results The sample was 63% female, included a majority (52.6%) first-time blood donors, and had a mean age of 30.0 years (SD = 11.7). A series of ANOVAs revealed that, relative to controls (n=244), donors in the motivational interview group (n=254) had significantly larger increases in motivational autonomy (p=0.001), affective attitude (p=0.004), self-efficacy (p=0.03), anticipated regret (p=0.001), and intention (p=<0.001), as well as larger decreases in donation anxiety (p=0.01), from pre-call baseline to post-call assessment. Conclusion This study supports motivational interviewing with action and coping planning as a novel strategy to promote key contributors to donor motivation.

Background The fear-avoidance model of chronic pain holds that individuals who catastrophize in response to injury are at risk for pain-related fear and avoidance behavior, and ultimately prolonged pain and disability. Purpose Based on the hypothesis that the predictive power of the fear-avoidance model would be enhanced by consideration of positive psychological constructs, the present study examined inclusion of pain resilience and self-efficacy in the model. Methods Men and women (N = 343) who experienced a recent episode of back pain were recruited in a longitudinal online survey study. Over a 3-month interval, participants repeated the Pain Resilience Scale, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, the McGill Pain Questionnaire, and NIH-recommended measures of pain, depressive symptoms, and physical dysfunction. Structural equation modeling assessed the combined contribution of pain resilience and pain catastrophizing to 3-month outcomes through the simultaneous combination of kinesiophobia and self-efficacy. Results An expanded fear-avoidance model that incorporated pain resilience and self-efficacy provided a good fit to the data, Χ2 (df = 14, N = 343) = 42.09, p = .0001, RMSEA = 0.076 (90% CI: 0.05, 0.10), CFI = 0.97, SRMR = 0.03, with higher levels of pain resilience associated with improved 3-month outcomes on measures of pain intensity, physical dysfunction, and depression symptoms. Conclusions This study supports the notion that the predictive power of the fear-avoidance model of pain is enhanced when individual differences in both pain-related vulnerability (e.g., catastrophizing) and pain-related protective resources (e.g., resilience) are considered.

Background Based on the hypothesis that self-determined motivation is associated with an increased likelihood of future behavior, the present study examined the ability of a motivational interview to promote internal motivation for giving and future donation attempts. Study Design and Methods A sample of 484 recent whole blood and double red cell donors (62.4% female; mean age = 30.2, SD = 11.8 years) were randomly assigned to either a telephone-delivered motivational interview or a control call approximately six weeks after donating. Several weeks before the call and again one week after the call participants completed the Blood Donor Identity Survey, a multidimensional measure of donor motivation, to derive indices of amotivation, external motivation, and internal motivation to give blood. Repeat donation attempts were tracked using blood center records. Results Relative to controls, participants in the motivational interview group showed a shift toward more self-determined motivation as indicated by significant decreases in amotivation (p=0.01) and significant increases in external (p=0.009) and internal motivation (p=0.002). Further, those with initially high levels of autonomous motivation were more likely to make a donation attempt in the subsequent year if they completed the motivational interview (71.1%) versus the control call (55.1%). Conclusion Motivational interviewing is a potentially useful strategy to enhance retention of existing blood donors, particularly among those who express a greater sense of internal motivation for giving.