Estudo com objetivo de estimar a prevalência e fatores associados ao uso de preservativo masculino em adolescentes e jovens de áreas de assentamento urbano de uma capital do centro-oeste brasileiro. Investigação de corte transversal, realizada em 105 adolescentes e jovens escolares de 12 a 24 anos, utilizando-se questionário estruturado. Do total de entrevistados, 61 (58,1%) haviam iniciado a vida sexual e destes, apenas 38,3% relataram uso regular do preservativo. Escolaridade acima de seis anos (p=0,02), acesso a informação sobre sexualidade com os pais (p=0,05) e na escola (p=0,04) foram fatores associados ao uso do preservativo. Os resultados deste estudo ratificam a importância de investimento em políticas de saúde que invistam no trabalho conjunto entre profissionais de saúde, família e instituições de ensino, visando minimizar a vulnerabilidade às Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis.
Objective: To identify the incidence, risk factors for delirium, and its association with death in the elderly hospitalized with fractures. Method: Prospective cohort, with a one-year follow-up of elderly people with clinical or radiological diagnosis of fracture, from an emergency and trauma hospital in the state of Goiás. The outcome delirium was defined by the medical description in the medical record. The predictor variables were demographic, health conditions, and hospitalization complications. A hierarchical multiple analysis was performed using robust Poisson regression, with Relative Risk as a measure of effect. Results: A total of 376 elderly patients were included. The incidence of delirium was 12.8% (n = 48). Risk factors were male gender, age ≥80 years, dementia, heart disease, osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high-energy traumas, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and surgery. The risk of death in the sample was 1.97 times higher (HR: 1.97 95% CI 1.19–3.25) in elderly people with delirium. Conclusion: Delirium had an intermediate incidence (12.8%); the risk of death in this group was about 2 times higher in one year after hospital admission. Demographic factors, past history of diseases, surgery, and complications have increased the risk and require monitoring during hospitalization of elderly people with fractures.
Objective: This study analyzes the causes of death, survival, and other related factors in hospitalized elderly people with fractures over the course of one year. Methods: We followed 376 fracture patients for one year in a prospective cohort study to a reference hospital in central Brazil. The Cox regression model was used to analyze factors associated with survival. Results: The results indicate that the one-year mortality rate was high (22.9%). The independent factors linked to lower overall survival were as follows: patients aged ≥80 years with previous intensive care unit (ICU) admission and presence of comorbidities (diabetes mellitus [DM] and dementia). Conclusion: Our study results may contribute to a better understanding of the impact of fractures on the elderly population and reinforce the need to oversee age-groups, diabetic patients, and patients with complications during hospitalization.
IntroductionThe objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and to explore the general understanding of transmission and prevention of these infections among the homeless in Goiânia, Central Brazil. MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. Between August 2014 and June 2015, residents of a public homeless shelter were recruited in Goiânia, Goiás, in Central Brazil. Survey items included demographics and knowledge of STIs. Blood samples were submitted to rapid tests for HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B (HBV), and a positive result on any one or more of these tests indicated the presence of an STI. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Goiás.ResultsThe sample included 209 homeless persons. The mean age of participants was 38 years. The prevalence of STI was 27.8% (58/209), for HIV 3.3% (7/209), syphilis 24.9% (52/209) and hepatitis B 1.0% (2/209). When asked about transmission of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B in public restrooms, 4.8%, 8.6% and 10.5% reported that this can occur, respectively. On syringe sharing as an IST transmission route, 78%, 11.5% and 23.9% believe that HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B can be acquired through this parenteral media, respectively. The male condom was investigated as a method of prevention for these sexual infections, and 73.7%, 38.3% and 14.4% affirmed the efficacy of condom use for protection against HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B, respectively. It was found that age (PR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00–1.03) and confirming HIV transmission through syringe sharing (PR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.27–0.81) were statistically significant associated with STI positivity (p≤0.05).ConclusionThe dissemination of knowledge about STIs is an important tool for breaking the chain of transmission of sexual infections. In Brazil, access of the homeless population to health and sexuality education services can be improved using mobile health teams, known as Street Outreach Offices.
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