Heat treatment improves some wood properties namely: equilibrium moisture, dimensional stability and durability and mechanical properties. In this study, the heat treatment was applied to woods of three natural species from Brazil: Aspidosperma populifolium (peroba mica), Dipteryx odorata (cumaru) and Mimosa scabrella (bracatinga). The woods were heated in an oven under vacuum and under nitrogen, at 180, 200, and 220°C for one hour. The untreated and heat-treated woods were characterized in relation to equilibrium moisture content, basic density, shrinkage, Janka hardness, and bending MOR and MOE according to NBR 7190 standards. All the thermal rectified woods showed a reduction in the hygroscopic equilibrium content, especially when the heating was under vacuum from 13-15% in the untreated woods to 1-3% for vacuum treatment at 220 °C. The dimensional stability was improved to only a small extent e.g. volumetric shrinkage tended to decrease with increasing temperature. The mechanical properties were affected differently for the three wood species. Heat-treated cumarushowed increased Janka hardness, MOR and MOE; and peroba mica increased MOR and MOE but not Janka hardness; while bracatinga was less influenced by the heat treatment.
-Drying is an important step to using wood and anatomical characteristics influence this process. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between anatomy and wood drying. Samples with 2 x 2 x 4 cm were obtained from eight Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis clones at 1.3 m height to evaluate the anatomy and drying in climate chamber during 15 days. Cell wall fraction was established as the parameter that best correlated with drying, the Pearson correlation coefficient between this parameter and moisture was -0.8986, -0.6580, 0.9216, 0.8743, 0.7131 and 0.8727 for saturated wood, and after 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 days of drying, respectively. The frequency and vessel size, as well as the height and width of the rays showed low relation with wood drying. Wood anatomy, mainly the cell wall fraction, influences moisture losses and should be considered in wood drying programs.Keywords: Cell wall fraction; Eucalyptus; Moisture. RELAÇÃO ENTRE A ANATOMIA E A SECAGEM DA MADEIRA DE Eucalyptus grandis X Eucalyptus urophyllaRESUMO -A secagem é uma importante etapa para utilização da madeira e as características anatômicas influenciam neste processo. Desse modo, o objetivo foi avaliar a relação entre a anatomia e a secagem da madeira. Amostras de 2 x 2 x 4 cm de madeira foram retiradas de oito materiais de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, a 1,3 metros acima do solo para avaliação da anatomia e secagem em câmara climática durante 15 dias. A perda de umidade foi maior nos primeiros dias de secagem e todos os materiais alcançaram a umidade de equilíbrio com 15 dias de secagem. A fração parede foi o parâmetro que melhor se relacionou com a secagem, sendo que o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson entre este parâmetro e a umidade foi de -0,8986; -0,6580; 0,9216; 0,8743; 0,7131 e 0,8727 para a madeira saturada e após 1; 2,5; 5; 10 e 15 dias de secagem, respectivamente. O diâmetro e a frequência de vaso e a altura e a largura dos raios mostraram baixa relação com a secagem. A anatomia, principalmente a fração parede, influenciou a perda de umidade e por isto, deve ser considerada na elaboração de programas de secagem da madeira.Palavras-chave: Eucalipto; Fração parede; Umidade. 724Revista Árvore, Viçosa-MG, v.40, n.4, p.723-729, 2016 ZANUNCIO, A.J. et al.
-To evaluate the adhesive efficiency on the union of glued joints in a particular temperature and humidity conditions for a specified time the adhesive must be submitted to specific load tests, such as shear in the glue line. The objective of this study was to evaluate the shear strength in the glue line of Eucalyptus sp and Pinus sp.woods. Five adhesives (castor oil, sodium silicate, modified silicate, , PVA and resorcinolformaldehyde), three weights (150 g/m 2 , 200 g/m 2 , and 250 g/m 2 ) and two species (Eucalyptus sp. and Pinus sp.) of wood were used. Twelve specimens were obtained from each repetition per treatment, corresponding to 108 specimens that were conditioned at a temperature of 23 ± 1°C and relative humidity of 50 ± 2%. The interaction between the weight and type of adhesive was significant for the shear strength in the glue line of eucalyptus wood. However, no interaction between the weight and the adhesive was found for pinus, only the isolated from the adhesive effect. Chemical bonds originated in the polymerization of resorcinolformaldehyde adhesives and castor bi-component conferred upon these adhesives the greatest resistance in the glue line. Castor and resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesives showed the highest shear strength values in the line of glue and wood failure. Castor adhesive presented satisfactory performance for bonding of eucalyptus and pine woods.Keywords: Adhesives; Collage; Weight. RESISTÊNCIA AO CISALHAMENTO NA LINHA DE COLA DAS MADEIRAS DE Eucalyptus sp. E Pinus sp.RESUMO -Para avaliar a eficiência do adesivo na união das juntas coladas, sob uma determinada temperatura e condições de umidade, durante um tempo específico o adesivo deve ser submetido a testes de carregamento, como, por exemplo, o teste de cisalhamento na linha de cola. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência ao cisalhamento na linha de cola de amostras de madeiras de Eucalyptus sp. e Pinus sp. coladas com cinco diferentes adesivos (Bicomponente de mamona, silicato de sódio, silicato modificado, PVA e resorcinolformaldeído) e três gramaturas (150 g/m 2 , 200 g/m 2 e 250 g/m 2 ) . Foram obtidos 12 corpos de prova para cada repetição por tratamento, correspondendo a 108 corpos de prova por tratamento, totalizando 3240 corpos de prova, que foram condicionados a temperatura de 23+1º C e umidade relativa de 50 + 2%. Após atingirem a umidade de equilíbrio higroscópico, a resistência ao cisalhamento e a falha na madeira foram determinadas, nas condições seca e úmida. Foram ensaiados doze corpos-de-prova, sendo nove na condição seca e três na 1110Revista Árvore, Viçosa-MG, v.40, n.6, p.1109-1117, 2016 BIANCHE, J.J. et al.condição úmida. As ligações químicas originadas na polimerização dos adesivos de resorcinol-formaldeído e bicomponente de mamona conferiram a estes adesivos maiores resistências ao cisalhamento na linha de cola e falha na madeira.
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