Background: Calpain 5 is a ubiquitous, non-classical calpain. Results: Calpain 5, the second most abundant calpain in the CNS, has two NLS signals, and co-localizes with nuclear PML bodies. Conclusion: Calpain 5 is a nuclear protease associated with PML bodies. Significance: The nuclear localization of calpain 5 provides new clues regarding its possible functions.
Using a comparative genomics approach we have identified a novel and previously undescribed gene in zebrafish, zgc:154061, which we have temporarily named meis2 linked gene (m2lg). This gene is located directly downstream of the zebrafish meis2.2 gene. We have identified putative orthologs of this gene in all animals for which publicly available genome data is available. M2lg and its vertebrate orthologs are organized in a convergently transcribed manner with respect to the Meis2 gene in all species we have examined (meis2.2 in zebrafish). During zebrafish development, transcripts of m2lg are observed in every cell of the embryo from the earliest stage through the shield stage indicating this gene is a maternal transcript since its expression precedes the activation of the zygotic genome at the midblastula transition. Expression of m2lg gradually decreases from its peak value at 0 hours past fertilization (hpf) until 8 hpf and then is observed to be activated again at 12 hpf as determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This later expression is observed throughout the neural tube before becoming restricted to the retina and tectum opticum by 48 hpf. Using an antibody raised against a peptide portion of the predicted protein product of m2lg in New Zealand white rabbit, it has vi been shown that the gene is translated into protein within the developing embryo and that it is expressed at various stages throughout development. Western blots show that the protein is expressed as early as 2 hpf and is present in significant amounts until 12 hpf.Immunohistochemistry on 48 hpf zebrafish embryo cross-sections show that the protein is present and is highly localized to the retinal area and the optic nerve. vii DEDICATION To my younger sister, Catherine Cochrane, for being by my side during every step of my life and being my best friend in the world, and to my parents Jeff Cochrane and Nancy Cochrane who have given me unconditional support and love. viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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