Based on the observation that some crania exhibit a pronounced marginal tubercle, whereas others do not, this study assessed the contour of the zygomatic bone hypothesizing that female and male crania would exhibit different contours. The study included 616 norma lateralis images of a mixed sample of female (n=252) and male (n=318) cranial sides. Images from crania of questionable sex and were excluded from analysis between sexes. The linear distance from the zygomaticofrontal suture to the jugale was calculated in addition to the length of the posterior border of the frontal process of the zygomatic bone to determine the degree of deviation from a straight line. The contour length between males and females did not differ (t=1.577(593); p=0.12) nor did the degree of deviation from a straight line (t=1.808(593); p=0.07). Independent of sex, however, there were significant differences in the aforementioned parameters with regard to side (t=5.589(614); p<0.0001 and t=3.742(614); p=0.0002, respectively). Procrustes superimposition demonstrated the average contour which can be given as y≈44.074x4 + 0.7995x3 −2.6286x2 −0.0122x + 0.0182. Principle component analysis explained 74.6% of shape variation with the first two principle components (PC1=48.8%; PC2=25.8%). With regard to differences in the shape of the contour between sides or sexes, discriminant function analysis revealed no significant shape difference (T2=338.7; p=0.15 and T2=244.3; p=0.94, respectively). However, canonical variate analysis demonstrated statistically significant shape differences among sexes with regard to side. Female right and left sides demonstrated the most shape difference (Mahalanobis distance=2.33) whereas the least shape difference was found among right sides between males and females (Mahalanobis distance=1.83). The results of this study reveal morphological variation in the posterior margin of the frontal process of the zygomatic bone that distinguishes crania based upon sex and laterality.Support or Funding InformationWV Research Challenge Fund [HEPC.dsr.17.06] and [HEPC.dsr.14.13]This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The subpubic angle is a well‐established sexually dimorphic trait. Though the subpubic angle has been well‐studied, there has been little research regarding its contour shape. Therefore, this study analyzed the subpubic contour from AP pelvis radiographs in 366 individuals (732 hips). The shape of the full contour (i.e., both hips as one contour) was sexually dimorphic as expected from myriad subpubic angle studies (Mahalanobis distance = 6.03; T‐square = 2353.4; p < 0.0001). However, the unilateral contour of the subpubic margin, regardless of the subpubic angle, was also dimorphic between sexes (Mahalanobis distance = 2.25; T‐square = 328.4; p < 0.0001). Therefore, just as the subpubic angle is dimorphic, the results of this study demonstrate the subpubic contour, whether unilateral (without consideration of angle) or bilateral, is sexually dimorphic.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
BRANIGAN L. MCGOWAN, DALTON S. BOLON, Dept of Natural Sciences & Mathematics, West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV, 26074, and MATTHEW J ZDILLA, Depts of Natural Sciences & Mathematics and Graduate Health Sciences, West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV, 26074 and Dept of Pathology, Anatomy, and Laboratory Medicine (PALM), West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506. The prevalence of the accessory infraorbital foramen among sexes: preliminary results.The infraorbital foramen is an opening in the maxillary bone below the infraorbital margin of the orbit through which the maxillary nerve travels. The infraorbital foramen is particularly important in nerve block procedures. Occasionally, an accessory infraorbital foramen may be present, complicating nerve block procedures. Therefore, this study assessed the prevalence of the accessory infraorbital foramen among sexes. A total of 565 crania of known sex were assessed (301 males and 264 females). In the total population, 108 of 565 crania (19.1%) were found to have an accessory IOF. With regard to sex, 66 of 301 males (21.9%) and 42 of 264 females (15.9%) were found to have an accessory IOF. The results of this study underscore the importance of screening for the accessory infraorbital foramen in both males and females prior to infraorbital nerve block.
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