No abstract

The coupling of transportation and electrical grid infrastructures through plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) offers the potential to improve system resilience by diversifying energy supply. In addition, adaptive behavioural responses can mitigate the effects of a disruption. This paper examines vehicle electrification and trip prioritisation as physical and behavioural determinants of transportation system resilience during a gasoline supply disruption using National Household Travel Survey data. Realised travel factor, the ratio of completed to demanded travel, is defined as an indicator of resilience. Simulations using the overall population indicate trip prioritisation improves resilience more than PEV adoption at lower levels of electrification (below 20 mile electric range), although household-level results vary according to fleet size and travel demand. While 67% of households require no adaptive change during a five-day disruption, additional households are able to complete all high-priority trips through trip prioritisation (+12%), PEV adoption (+14%), or a combination of both (+23%). . (2016) 'Physical and behavioural determinants of resilience in the transportation system: a case study of vehicle electrification and trip prioritisation', Int. J. Critical Infrastructures, Vol. 12, Nos. 1/2, pp.104-119. Biographical notes: Brandon M. Marshall holds a Bachelor in Electrical Engineering and is pursuing an MS/MBA in Sustainable Systems from the University of Michigan, School of Natural Resources and Ross School of Business. His master's thesis work investigates the life cycle impacts of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) and their effects on transportation system resilience. Physical and behavioural determinants of resilience 105 Kevin M. Bolon holds an MS (2008) and a PhD (2012) in Natural Resource He holds an MS (2005) and a PhD (2008) in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Michigan, and a BS (2003) in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Oklahoma. His research includes modelling the electrical grid, transportation networks (including plug-in hybrid electric vehicles), and renewable energy technologies to calculate the environmental impacts of those systems. He is interested in understanding designed systems, especially a system's environmental impact, and how user behaviour influences a system's environmental impact.Gregory A. Keoleian is the Peter M. Wege Endowed Professor of Sustainable Systems at the University of Michigan with appointments in the School of Natural Resources and Environment and Civil and Environmental Engineering. He cofounded and serves as director of the Center for Sustainable Systems which was established in 1999. He holds a PhD in Chemical Engineering from the University of Michigan. His research over the past twenty five years has focused on the development and application of life cycle models and sustainability metrics to guide the design and improvement of products, technology and infrastructure systems. He has pioneered methods in lifecycle design, assessment an...

Electrified vehicles (EVs) couple transportation and electrical infrastructures, impacting vehicle sustainability, transportation resiliency, and electrical grid stability. These impacts occur across timescales; grid stability at the millisecond scale, resiliency at the daily scale, and sustainability over years and decades. Integrated models of these systems must share data to explore timescale dependencies, and reveal unanticipated outcomes. This paper examines EV adoption for sustainability, resiliency, and stability effects. Sustainability findings, consistent with previous studies, indicate that electrification generally reduces lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and increases SO x and NO x . Electrified vehicles enhance vehicle resiliency (ability of vehicle to complete typical trips during fuel outage). Coupled results enhance EV resilience research, finding that a 16-km (10-mi) all-electric range plug-in hybrid EV improves resiliency ∼50% versus a gasoline-only vehicle. Increasing EV market share reduces grid stability. Stability depends upon charging profiles and background electrical demand. Stability-related grid outages increase with EV market penetration. This paper modeled these systems in their coupled form across timescales yielding results not obvious if the systems were modeled in isolation.