Background: Dental caries are the most prominent chronic disease of children and adults worldwide, and facilitating evidence-based, preventative care for their prevention is critical. Caries are traditionally and successfully prevented by regular fluoride use, but there are opportunities to halt and restore caries with alternative agents in addition to fluoride use. Grape seed extract (GSE) is a readily available plant-based supplement that, due to its concentrated levels of proanthocyanidins, has promising characteristics that may assist in dental caries prevention. Aim: The goal of this review was to investigate whether current research supports use of grape seed extract to prevent dental caries formation. Methods: A systematic review of articles related to grape seed extract, prevention of dental caries, inhibition of Streptococcus mutans, and remineralization was conducted. Articles were first chosen by inclusion of dental models that used grape seed extract as an intervention, and then by strength of study design. Results: Twenty articles were reviewed. Studies overall supported three unique grape seed extract properties facilitating dental caries prevention. In the first articles reviewed, grape seed extract inhibited proliferation of bacterial biofilms on tooth surfaces. In addition, studies reviewed indicated that grape seed extract promoted dental remineralization. Conclusions: Caries prevention by grape seed extract may be unique compared with fluoride, and is linked to grape seed extract’s bacteriostatic and collagen crosslinking properties. Future research should investigate potential delivery methods, and benefits of combined grape seed extract use with known caries preventative agents, in human participants.
Purpose This pilot study aimed to develop and test a comprehensive assessment instrument, through an examination of measurement properties, to evaluate relationships between faculty technology adoption and age, level of education, teaching experience, technology anxiety, perceived technology integration barriers, and technology available in dental hygiene (DH) clinical environments. Focus was to acquire instrument validity with emphasis on test content, internal structure, and response processes. Methods The survey was developed based on expert review, pretesting, and survey piloting in 2018. Three content experts evaluated face and traditional content validity. Eleven DH faculty with diverse clinical experiences were recruited for pretesting to comment on item definitions and language. The instrument was pilot tested among DH faculty with full‐time, part‐time, and clinical appointments at institutions located in the Mid‐West. Psychometric properties of the questionnaire were evaluated with frequency analysis and scale responses detailed. Results Evaluation by experts and faculty members refined definitions, language, and response options for the seventy‐item response scale. Forty‐three DH faculty completed the online pilot. The 4 sections subjected to factor analysis showed excellent factor loading. Internal consistency was satisfactory. Frequency analysis showed an array of perceived abilities and technological integration in the educational environment. Conclusion Findings suggest that respondents found the survey easy to complete and understand. The survey appears to be a valid measure of technology adoption among DH faculty of differing experiences. The survey will now be disseminated to a larger group of DH faculty.
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