Issuing bonds is one of the alternative ways for non-financial companies to get money from the public besides borrowing money from banks. Compared with getting money banks, obtaining money from the bond market is slightly economical because the companies are not essential to borne the intermediation cost anymore. As a consequence, the companies in the bond market will get the assessment from the appointed agency. Furthermore, the rating of bonds will determine their reputation. Mentioning the literature review, the bond ratings are affected by the features of the supervisory board: size, independence, and audit committee. Therefore, this research intends to attain two goals. Firstly, it aims to prove and analyze the impact of the supervisory board size and independence, as well as the audit committee size on the company’s possibility to get a high bond rating with profitability as the control variable. Secondly, it intends to know the accuracy rate of grouping the company bond ratings through the classification matrix.The population originates from the non-financial companies. The total samples are determined by the Slovin formula with a boundary of the fault of 10%. Based on this formula, the total samples are 36 companies. Furthermore, they are randomly grabbed from the population. The ordered probit regression model and the classification matrix are utilized to analyze the data. Based on the data analysis, this research finds out that the supervisory board size and independence, the audit committee size, and profitability positively affect the bond ratings. It means that the number of the commissioner board and the members of the audit committee have to be added until achieving the maximum level to monitor the performance of the directors so that the company can reach a high bond rating. To sum up, board governance is effective in improving the company’s bond rating.
Investors should reasonably transact their stocks. Unfortunately, not all of them are cogent. They make decisions based on some people's suggestions, such as friends, colleagues, family members, and overconfidence. This study attempts to test and analyze the effect of overconfidence and herding on investors' decision to transact their stocks. This study's population is the investors in the investment gallery, becoming the partner of PT Sinar Mas Sekuritas, in Maranatha Christian University. The investors become the samples taken by a simple random sampling method, and their number is calculated by the Slovin formula with the 10% border of inaccuracy. Based on this formula, the total investors are 74. Unfortunately, only 50 investors participate in this online survey; therefore, the response rate is 67.57%. Consequently, the structural equation model (SEM) based on variance suits the method to test data. After examining two proposed hypotheses, overall, this study concludes that overconfidence is the only determinant having a positive effect on the decision to invest.
This research intends to examine the impact of financial knowledge and internal control locus on student behavior to manage money and the effect of internal control locus on this knowledge. The students becoming the population are from the active undergraduate accounting department in Maranatha Christian University, distributed into six batches: 2015 to 2020; the number is 413. Considering this feature, we use the stratified random sampling method, setting the batches as the strata. After surveying the 200 students as the samples, the number of responded students is 193; hence, the participation level is 96.50%. Based on this situation, we use the structural equation model based on covariance after the validity and reliability tests are met. To sum up, this research unveils that money-related understanding does not affect student behavior. On the other hand, the internal control locus positively affects personal money-related behavior and financial knowledge.
This study intends to examine and analyze the influence of financial literacy on people’s behavior and the difference in financial literacy and behavior based on gender. The population of this research comprises students in higher education institutions in Jakarta and were selected using the snowball sampling technique. This study utilizes the survey technique by distributing questionnaires to the sample population, and the variance-based structural equation model (SEM) was used to statistically analyze the responses. After deliberating the results, this study concludes that males have better financial literacy and behavior than females; financial literacy can intervene in the association between gender and money-related behavior. This means males tend to manage their money when they are financially knowledgeable. Based on this evidence, higher education institutions must set personal financial management as mandatory and elective subjects for business and non-business departments in their curriculum, respectively.
This research investigates the effect of workplace spirituality and perceived organizational support on the organizational citizenship behavior of the employees working at one of the factories in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. The number of employees becomes the population is 404, and the total samples are 198, obtained by the Isaac and Michael formula and taken by simple random technique. Moreover, we utilize the survey and structural equation model based on covariance to receive the responses from the employees through questionnaires and analyze the proposed effects through hypothesis examination. To conclude, this research demonstrates that workplace spirituality is needed to enhance employees' organizational citizenship behavior level. Meanwhile, perceived organizational support does not. Based on this evidence, some implications are also discussed.
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