Aims and methodTo analyse clinical outcome indicator data from the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for People with Learning Disabilities (HoNOS-LD) in adults with intellectual disability admitted to mental health wards during a 19-month period; and to identify clinically relevant domains of change associated with in-patient admission.ResultsSignificant improvements were found in mental state, behaviour and social functioning. Improvements were also found in cognition and activities of daily living.Clinical implicationsThe HoNOS-LD is a useful tool for measuring clinical outcomes in several relevant domains and guiding in-patient treatment in learning disability psychiatry. It may also provide a currency for payment-by-results and influence the commissioning of learning disability services.
Evidence regarding medical practice in seclusion is limited, and far outweighed by opinion. Here, we present one approach to medical reviews of patients in seclusion rooms, aiming to drive consistent practice. We address the work of clinicians prior to their arrival in the seclusion area, information-gathering prior to entry into the seclusion room, relevant aspects of history-taking and mental state examination in the seclusion area, and the implications for clinical and risk-management. We discuss issues raised by the logistics of seclusion for the planning and undertaking of the consultation. Physical examinations of secluded patients are commonly complicated by patient-related and environment-related factors; we suggest a pragmatic approach to determining the scope of physical examination in seclusion. While risk assessments are a vital aspect of seclusion practice for psychiatrists, structured instruments for the assessment of risk within these environments do not exist. We lay out principles regarding risk assessment in this population. We comment on the role of the clinician in the debrief phase of the seclusion review, and deal with legal issues pertaining to seclusion in England. Ultimately, we are left with a number of questions relating to what constitutes best practice for psychiatrists fulfilling this role on the PICU.
SummaryOver recent years UK immigration legislation and procedures have changed significantly. Although these developments affect many foreign national mentally disordered offenders, the professionals caring for them are often unaware of the implications of these changes and the possible alternative care pathways. In this article we explore the amendments and the options available for this patient group, and highlight the ethical difficulties that professionals can face.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.