We used a passive avoidance to active avoidance negative transfer design to investigate the contextand dose-dependent effects of glucose on reactivated memories in rats. Memory reactivation consisted of reexposing rats 24 h after passive avoidance training to contextual and learning cues that had been present during training. Immediate postreactivation glucose administration was followed 24 h later by active avoidance (discrimination reversal) training. The memory reactivation treatments were designed to reactivate the rats' memories with different degrees of fidelity. We found a direct relationship between the effectiveness of the memory reactivation treatment and the further enhancement of memory by postreactivation administration of glucose (100 mg/kg). In another experiment, we found that changes in memory strengthening or retrievability were both dose (glucose: 100, 320, or 1,000 mg/kg) and reactivation context dependent. Our results demonstrate that modulation of a reactivated memory or second experience is the combined effect of both an exogenous environmental context-dependent and an endogenous glucose-dependent memory-modulating system.
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