Serial femtosecond crystallography requires reliable and efficient delivery of fresh crystals across the beam of an X-ray free-electron laser over the course of an experiment. We introduce a double-flow focusing nozzle to meet this challenge, with significantly reduced sample consumption, while improving jet stability over previous generations of nozzles. We demonstrate its use to determine the first room-temperature structure of RNA polymerase II at high resolution, revealing new structural details. Moreover, the double flow-focusing nozzles were successfully tested with three other protein samples and the first room temperature structure of an extradiol ring-cleaving dioxygenase was solved by utilizing the improved operation and characteristics of these devices.
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a new local radial basis function collocation method (LRBFCM) for one‐domain solving of the non‐linear convection‐diffusion equation, as it appears in mixture continuum formulation of the energy transport in solid‐liquid phase change systems.Design/methodology/approachThe method is structured on multiquadrics radial basis functions. The collocation is made locally over a set of overlapping domains of influence and the time stepping is performed in an explicit way. Only small systems of linear equations with the dimension of the number of nodes in the domain of influence have to be solved for each node. The method does not require polygonisation (meshing). The solution is found only on a set of nodes.FindingsThe computational effort grows roughly linearly with the number of the nodes. Results are compared with the existing steady analytical solutions for one‐dimensional convective‐diffusive problem with and without phase change. Regular and randomly displaced node arrangements have been employed. The solution is compared with the results of the classical finite volume method. Excellent agreement with analytical solution and reference numerical method has been found.Practical implicationsA realistic two‐dimensional non‐linear industrial test associated with direct‐chill, continuously cast aluminium alloy slab is presented.Originality/valueA new meshless method is presented which is simple, efficient, accurate, and applicable in industrial convective‐diffusive solid‐liquid phase‐change problems with non‐linear material properties.
Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to explore the application of the mesh-free local radial basis function collocation method (RBFCM) in solution of coupled heat transfer and fluid-flow problems. Design/methodology/approach-The involved temperature, velocity and pressure fields are represented on overlapping five nodded sub-domains through collocation by using multiquadrics radial basis functions (RBF). The involved first and second derivatives of the fields are calculated from the respective derivatives of the RBFs. The energy and momentum equations are solved through explicit time stepping. Findings-The performance of the method is assessed on the classical two dimensional de Vahl Davis steady natural convection benchmark for Rayleigh numbers from 10 3 to 10 8 and Prandtl number 0.71. The results show good agreement with other methods at a given range. Originality/value-The pressure-velocity coupling is calculated iteratively, with pressure correction, predicted from the local mass continuity equation violation. This formulation does not require solution of pressure Poisson or pressure correction Poisson equations and thus much simplifies the previous attempts in the field.
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