The shuttle of the
long-chain lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) is the
main obstacle to the practical application of lithium–sulfur
batteries. Herein, a poly(butyl acrylate/1-ethyl-3-vinylimidazole
bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide)-based quasi-solid-state copolymer
electrolyte poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA-P(BA-co-[EVIm]TFSI) QPE-IL) was prepared for lithium–sulfur batteries.
The butyl acrylate component with abundant ester groups ensures the
strong chemical capture for LiPSs. What is more, the introduction
of ionic liquid ([EVIm]TFSI) can greatly improve the ionic conductivity
and lithium-ion migration rate. More importantly, the dynamic-reversible
adsorption of LiPSs was realized by chemical adsorption of ester-rich
groups and electrostatic repulsion of free-moving negatively charged
ions. As a result, the lithium–sulfur battery assembled by
a reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube film@sulfur (rGOCTF@S) self-supporting
cathode and QPE-IL displayed a high initial discharge capacity of
1179 mA h g–1, good cycling stability (72% capacity
retention after 200 cycles at 0.5 C), and superior rate performance.
A magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was proposed for the simultaneous separation and determination of paraquat (PQ) and diquat (DQ) in human plasma and urine samples. Based on the reduction of PQ and DQ to a blue radical and yellow-green radical by sodium dithionite in an alkaline medium, a fast colorimetric method was also developed for the fast detection of PQ or DQ. In this paper, CoFe2O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles were used as the adsorbent for the magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction of paraquat and diquat, and these two analytes were found to be eluted directly from the adsorbent by NaOH solution. The main factors affecting the extraction efficiency including amount of extractant, extraction time, sample volume, sample solution pH, and elution volume were optimized. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the calibration curve was linear at a concentration range of 28.5–570.2 μg/L, and the correlation coefficient of paraquat and diquat was 0.9986 and 0.9980, respectively. The limits of detection of paraquat and diquat were 4.5 μg/L and 4.3 μg/L. The proposed MSPE-HPLC method was successfully applied to the detection of the paraquat and diquat in human plasma and urine with satisfied recoveries of PQ and DQ in the range of 87.5%–98.7%.
Two
kinds of carbon nanoproducts with different microstructures,
namely, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs), were
grown on the surface of carbon fibers (CFs) by chemical vapor deposition
(CVD) at low temperatures to improve the interface bonding between
fibers and resins. The short-beam method and the micro-debonding method
were used to test the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and interfacial
shear strength (IFSS) of the composites. The results showed that the
contribution of CNTs to the improvement of interfacial properties
was better than that of CNFs. Specifically, the ILSS and IFSS of the
CF-CNFs/epoxy composites increased by 18.59 and 24.39%, respectively,
while the ILSS and IFSS of the CF-CNTs/epoxy composites increased
by 26.97 and 47.79%, respectively. Compared with CNFs, the high degree
of graphitization of CNTs and the π-interactions with the resin
can better induce the formation of an interphase between the fiber
and the resin, which suppressed the initiation of cracks and extended
the propagation path of the cracks in the composites.
Flexible microfluidic chips have good application prospects
in
situations with easy bending and complex curvature. An important factor
affecting the flexible microfluidic chip is its structural complexity.
For example, the hybrid chip includes flow channels, mixing chambers,
and one-way valves. How to achieve the same function with as few structures
as possible has become an important research topic at present. In
this paper, a Tesla valve micromixer with unidirectional flow characteristics
is presented. A passive laminar flow Tesla valve micromixer is fabricated
through 3D printing technology and limonene dissolution method. The
main process is as follows: First of all, high impact polystyrene
(HIPS) material was employed to make the Tesla valve channel mold.
Second, the channel mold was dissolved in the limonene solvent. The
mold of Tesla micromixer is made of HIPS material, the mixing experiment
displace that the Tesla valve micromixer is characterized by unidirectional
flow compared with the common T-shaped planar channel. At the same
time, the 5-AAC Tesla valve micromixer can increase the mixing efficiency
to 87%. By using four different groove structures and different flow
rates of the mixing effect experiment, the conclusion is that the
mixing efficiency of the 6-AAC Tesla valve micromixer is up to 0.89
when the flow rate is 2 mL/min. The results manifest that the Tesla
valve structure can effectively improve the mixing efficiency.
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