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In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) approach using central composite design (CCD) was investigated to develop mathematical model and to optimize the effects of pH, adsorbent amount and temperature related to the hexavalent chromium removal by biosorption on peanut shells (PSh). The highest removal percentage of 30.28% was found by the predicted model under the optimum conditions (pH of 2.11, 0.73 g of PSh and 37.2 °C) for a 100 mg/L initial Cr (VI) concentration, which was very near to the experimental value (29.92%). The PSh was characterized by SEM, EDX, FTIR, BET, XRD analysis. Moreover, Langmuir isotherm fitted well (R2 = 0.992) with the experimental data, and the maximum adsorption capacity was discovered to be 2.48 and 3.49 mg/g respectively at 25 and 45 °C. Kinetic data was well foreseen by pseudo second order. Thermodynamic study depicted that biosorption of Cr(VI) onto PSh was spontaneous and endothermic. Regeneration of the PSh using NaOH showed a loss <5% in the Cr (VI) removal efficiency till three recycle runs. In summary, the Cr (VI) removal onto economic, sensitive and selective biosorbent (PSh) optimized using CCD to study biosorption behaviors.

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