The culmination of Saïs area is made by the progress of preriffian ramp who overrides on Pliocene deposits of the northern edge of Saïs. The preriffian ridges migrate towards the south by Zalagh, Sebou and Sidi Hrazem ramps. The southern riffian front "FSR" towards the south in the plain reorganized a change of course of the Sebou palaeoriver. This deformation translates NS to NNW-SSE compressional strain and allows reactivation of the preexisting Miocene structures and the neo-formation of new structures. A change in the evolution of Saïs results also of major neotectonic reactivation of the flexures of North Middle Atlas. This new structural state allows the rise of the Saïs who becomes elevated plain related to the northern middle atlasic catchment basin. Saïs Pliocene formations and their Miocene substrate are subjected to intense erosion whith fluvial incisions exceeding 100 m. Currently, the Saïs plain corresponds to the median part of the Sebou catchment basin located between the middle Atlas upstream and Prerif downstream. This last paroxysmal strain has been also described in the
This article aims to diagnose the factors of activing and creating environment clubs as unavoidable educational structures helping to anchor environmental education in the Moroccan schools. In order to achieve this objective, questionnaires were distributed to 40 teachers practicing in fifteen schools distributed in three provincial directorates belonging to the regional academy of education and training of Tanger -Tetouan -Al Hoceima. According to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results of these questionnaires, environmental clubs constitute important educational structures able to ensure the development of the environmental culture in the educational practices within schools. However, many constraints to the activation of these clubs were reported by the interviewed teachers, in particular those related to the hourly load and the overload of the school curricula, the lack of supervision and the training of teachers and the absence of the teaching and learning materials necessary for environmental education activities. The key element of activating the environmental clubs in schools appears to be initial and continuous training of teachers. This training should focus on the techniques of the integration of the environmental dimension which includes educational projects and
This article aims to analyze schemes made by teacher trainees in Life and Earth sciences at the Regional Center of the Trades of Education and Training (CRMEF) Tangier-Tetouan-Al Houceima- middle school - in order to identify the conceptions of these future teachers about the schematic representation of a concept. An analysis was made of 30 teacher trainees diagrams at the beginning of their qualifying training on concepts in internal geodynamics. The results obtained have shown that they are generally known by teacher trainees, but their schematic representations raise many problems, notably the scientific aspect of the scheme, the maintenance of a correct methodological organization and the respect for the symbolic code to be done on a scientific basis. To remedy this, the qualifying training of these teacher trainees must be reinforced with schematization sessions supplemented by an integration of these schemes in sequences of learning for better pedagogical use.
The formation of the basin of Sefrou is related to the normal successive movements of the faults N130, N80, N30 and N170 which follow one another since the upper Miocene until the recent medium-Quaternary. Seeing the dynamic of groundwater in the carbonated lands (Liasic dolomites) is primarily guided by the fractures and the cracks; we propose to study the influence of brittle tectonics on the spatial organization of the flows and the relation of the groundwater circulation with the fracturing. The analysis of the fracturing (affecting the Flavio-lake and travertines deposits of plio-quaternary age and their Miocene and Jurassic substratum) and the structural cuts as well as the correlation of the piezometric map established from the piezometric reports with that of the fracturing, allowed us to note that the fractures play a very important part in the geometry of the Liasic aquifer and the mode of the circulation of groundwater. This circulation is dependent on the zones of weaknesses along the faults and fractures. Water European Scientific Journal August 2016 edition vol.12, No.24 ISSN: 1857 -7881 (Print) e -ISSN 1857 278 emergences are very variable and controlled by the paramount influence of the nature of the lithological formations and the tectonic structure on underground circulations. Indeed, the sources of water located in the basin of Sefrou are indexed, according to their origin, inside two types: sources of emergence and sources of discharge.Keywords: Moroccan Middle Atlas, Sefrou basin, brittle tectonic, Fracturing, groundwater circulation, sources RésuméLa formation du bassin de Sefrou est liée aux jeux normaux successifs des failles N130, N80, N30 et N170 qui se succèdent depuis le Miocène supérieur jusqu'au Quaternaire moyen-récent. Etant donné que la dynamique des eaux souterraines dans les terrains carbonatés (dolomies liasiques) est essentiellement guidée par les fractures et les fissures; nous nous proposons d'étudier l'influence de la tectonique cassante sur l'organisation spatiale des écoulements et la relation de la circulation des eaux souterraines avec la fracturation. L'analyse de la fracturation (affectant les dépôts fluvio-lacustres et travertinaux d'âge plio-quaternaire et leurs substratums miocène et jurassique) et des coupes structurales réalisées ainsi que la corrélation de la carte piézométrique établie à partir des relevées piézométriques avec celle de la fracturation, nous ont permis de constater que les fractures jouent un rôle très important dans la géométrie de l'aquifère liasique et le mode de la circulation des eaux souterraines. Cette circulation est tributaire des zones de faiblesses le long des failles et fractures. Les émergences d'eaux sont très variables et contrôlées par l'influence primordiale de la nature des formations lithologiques et de la structure tectonique sur les circulations souterraines. En effet, les sources d'eau repérées dans le bassin de Sefrou sont répertoriées, selon leur origine, à l'intérieur de deux types : sources d'émergence et sourc...
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