Plant extracts and essential oils are promising new sources of non-toxic alternatives to chemicals substances. They are used for their antimicrobial properties against plant diseases of fungal origin, against bacterial, and those of virus origin. This study was carried out to study the antifungal activity of Artemisia herba-alba, Foeniculum vulgare and Citrus sinensis essential oils against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis. Essential oil was extracted by steam distillation. Antifungal activity of essential oil was investigated by macro-broth method of dilution by a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay against this pathogen. The yield of essential oil obtained by steam distillation of Foeniculum vulgare samples was 2.31% greater than that obtained from Citrus sinensis sample which was 1.8%, followed by Artemisia herba alba samples 1.22%. Regarding antifungal activity, the results revealed a better inhibitory activity of Artemisia herba alba against the tested strainsat the lowest LC50 values (0.1 µl/ml). On the other hand, Foeniculum vulgare, Artemisia herba alba and Citrus sinensis essential oils show similar MICs of mycelial growth against this pathogen. The value of the MIC and CMF is greater than 50 µl/ml for the three essential oils.
Thyme (Thymus sp.), a medicinal plant of the family Lamiaceae, is used in traditional medicine, contains a wide array of medicinally active components, in their great majority of a rather complex mixture of thymol, ρ-Cymene, γ-Terpinene, β-Caryophyllen, etc. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Thymus vulgaris extract against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.radicis-lycopersici strain under saline conditions, assuming soil with high salt content of the arid regions. Essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation technique using a Clevenger apparatus. The essential oil compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis. Antifungal activity of essential oil against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici was investigated by agar dilution method. The main constituents of thyme essential oil were thymol (76.96 %), ρ-cymene (9.89 %) and γ-Terpinene (1.92 %). Essential oil from Thymus resented high in vitro activity, in controlling conidial germination and mycelial growth. However, the oil was significantly not active against the spore production under a salinity medium. The results showed that mycelial growth was stimulated in concentrations with 0.6 -1.5 %. In contrast, it was significantly reduced at a higher concentration (2 %). The application of NaCl caused a significant increase in the conidia production at various concentrations tested. NaCl has a minor inhibitory effect on conidial germination only when the concentration was 2 %. The results of this study indicate that salinity decreases the efficacy of essential oil against the pathogen.
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