NLE (Newbouldia laevis (P.Beauv)) is used in folk medicine to treat diabetes. The aim of the study was to isolate and characterize the active compound responsible for the antidiabetic activity.This was carried out using standard in vivo and in vitro models in rats. The antidiabetic activities were evaluated using alloxan-induced diabetes in male and female albino rats after an over night fast and various doses of NLE and glibenclamide, the reference drug 2.0 mg/kg. Bioassay-guided isolation/fractionation techniques were used to isolate the active compound. Characterization of the active compound was carried out including molecular and structural elucidation using NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and Gas-Chromatography Mass spectroscopy. The extract caused 60.2% reduction in the FBS (fasting blood sugar) of diabetic rats. Bioassay-guided fractionation of NLE yielded ten (10) fractions with F9 (fraction nine) as the active fraction, which caused 66.0% reduction of FBS in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Further purification using preparative TLC (thin layer chromatography), gave sub-fraction 9.2 as the active compound. Sub-fraction 9.2 reduced the FBS by 61.4%. The characterization of F9:2 using nuclear magnetic resonance and MS (mass spectroscopy) confirmed it to be a polyunsaturated fatty acid with a molecular weight of 358.56 g.
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