No abstract
Introduction:Postural tachycardia syndrome is more frequently being recognised in adolescents and adults. However, its pathophysiology remains undefined. We evaluated our database for patterns in family history of clinical symptoms and associated disorders in these patients.Materials and methods:Patients with postural tachycardia syndrome diagnosed in our clinic between 2014 and 2018 and who were less than 19 years at diagnosis were included. The history was reviewed for family members with postural tachycardia syndrome, dizziness and/or syncope, joint hypermobility with or without hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, and autoimmune disorders. Statistical analysis assessed the entire cohort plus differences in gender, presence or absence of joint hypermobility, and presence or absence of familial autoimmune disease.Results:A total of 579 patients met inclusion criteria. We found that 14.2% of patients had a family member with postural tachycardia syndrome, with male patients more likely to have an affected family member (20% versus 12.7%, p = 0.04). If the patient also had joint hypermobility, male patients were more likely to have a family member with postural tachycardia syndrome (25% versus 12.6%, p = 0.017), more than one affected family member (7.1% versus 0.74%, p = 0.001), and a family member with joint hypermobility (37.5% versus 23.7%, p = 0.032). Autoimmune disease was seen in 45.1% of family members, but more likely in female patients with concurrent hypermobility (21.1% versus 8.9%, p = 0.035).Discussion:This in-depth analysis of associated familial disorders in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome offers further insight into the pathophysiology of the disorder, and informs further screening of family members in these patients.
The study's theory block introduces the term of "stakeholders' client capital" of trade institutions based on monetary approach; the key (ability to generate revenue) and specific (lack of physical shipper, intangibility, added economic value) properties of the latter were clarified; logical interrelation of concepts "client", "clients database "and "stakeholders' client capital" was established; relationship of trade organizations with corporate clients were classified in such attributes as transactions, cooperation and partnership. In practical terms, conformity of balance capital structure of trade organizations to the stakeholders' theory was assessed, and the assessment clearly showed inconsistency and justified the need to consider the stakeholders' client capital which is a strategic resource within the off-balance sheet commitments. As a result, perspective vectors to assess and qualitatively form stakeholders' client capital were identified in line with the principles of sufficient consumers' awareness on institutions and services, geographical accessibility and availability of the office services, accessibility and efficiency of the company's out-of-office and on-line services, professional services, transparency of business service processes, etc.
Purpose:The issues of studying the value formation process of an innovative product, from the idea to the prototype to the commercialization of the output from the production line, depending on the type of innovations, are the aims of this article. Design/Methodology/Approach: The conceptual framework of "value" and "innovations" is explored and the theoretical basis of the value approach is revealed at the beginning of the article. The definition of an innovative product is given and the development process and the mechanism of its value formation at each development phase are revealed. Findings: The value-added elements are specified, from the idea generation to the commercialization of the innovative product. The expenses for the calculation items and the development phases of the innovative product are estimated. Practical Implications: Categories of the innovation-based economy development, as "innovation", "innovative product", and "value" are not sufficiently studied. Intensive discussions are taking place in the scientific community regarding what an innovative product is and how its value is formed. A specific result of intellectual activity, at the initial stage of its formation represents an idea that is difficult to be estimated. Originality/Value: The problematics for further research of value formation of innovative products depending on their specific nature is put.
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