Presented the results of calculations of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere from heat sources and their comparison with the permissible values for Lake Baikal basins. The ecological ranging of the territory made it possible to determine the areas of greatest emissions: Slyudyansky, North Baikal and the town of Severobaikalsk. As potential directions to reduce anthropogenic impact from heat source proposed: improving the system for cleaning off gases: transition to more environmentally friendly energy carrier medium, as well as renewable energy sources. For each of the directions of environmental protection measures, the areas of rational use were identified and the reduction of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere during their implementation. Considered only the possible environmental effect from the introduction of particular direction to reduce the impact on the atmosphere of thermal power facilities, without taking into account the technical and economic assessment of environmental measures, the identification of legislative measures, the development of preferential tariffs, energy prices and other financial and economic mechanisms.
Studies validating rational variants of the development of energy supplies for distributed consumers in the eastern regions of Russia on the basis of the availability of energy resources, transport access, and economic efficiency are indicated in this article. The efficiency and site conditions for the best expansion of a centralized electricity supply, siting of mini thermal and power plants using local fuel, renewable energy sources, low-capacity nuclear power plants, and gas in gas-diesel electricity plants are presented. Proposals are made for developing rational schemes for supplying energy to consumers supplied from the Chaun-Bilibino power system in the Chukotka Autonomous District.More than 60% of the territory of the eastern regions of Russia is not covered by centralized power delivery. The boundary of the delivery zone of energy systems in the eastern part of the country passes almost along the boundary of the Extreme North and the regions equated to it. In the northern regions, only a negligible part of the territory lies within the zone of local operating power systems. Here, the energy for a large part of the populated points is supplied by 5000 autonomous low-capacity power plants (to 30 MW), whose fraction in the total power-plant capacity in the northern regions is >27% (Table 1) [1]. The autonomous energy sources are primarily diesel electricity plants and gas-turbine facilities. Very few renewable energy sources are used in the eastern regions: only five geothermal electricity plants with total capacity 84 MW, five small hydroelectric plants with capacity 29 MW, and three wind power plants with total capacity 3.25 MW [1].The dispersal of the energy sources over the territory, a weak transportation infrastructure, and the multiunit nature and seasonality of fuel delivery increase the cost of energy considerably (diesel fuel to 36000 rubles/ton, boiler-furnace fuel to 6000-8000 rubles/TEF). In the most remote populated points, the transport component of the fuel costs reaches 70-80%. All this makes for high cost of production of energy -5-10 times higher than that of energy produced by power plants in local power systems (to 15-18 rubles/(kW·h) and 4000-5000 rubles/Gcal). The yearly subsidy for equalizing prices from the budget of different levels are estimated to be 50·10 9 rubles, which in some regions amounts of 20-30% of the budgeted outlay.Research on validating the strategic directions of development of fuel-energy complexes in the eastern regions of the country has been on-going at the Melentiev Institute of Energy Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences since the 1980s. The main directions of development of electricity and heat production for regions in the Extreme North and the territories equated to them up to 1990 and in the future to 2000 were developed over this period of time [2,3]. The Institute took an active part in many works on formulating the eastern energy policy of the country. Regional govern-
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