The systematic and complete identification of relevant disruption scenarios for Critical Infrastructure (CI) systems is still one of the major challenges to achieve higher resilience performance. We assist Authorities and Operators in this endeavour through creating a comprehensive and multi-dimensional allhazards catalogue for CI. It is implemented by developing two ontologies: • CI systems Ontology, covering Energy, Transport, Water and Telecommunications sectors, each being described through two sub-ontologies (physical and functional) interconnected within the service delivery topology.; • Hazards & Threats Ontology, characterising different typologies of events, their attributes, types and possible effects to CI systems. The two ontologies are connected through vulnerability and (inter)dependency models. The main results achieved include: i) a generalised and standardised specification framework for CIs and services; ii) a generalised and standardised all-hazards catalogue for CI; and iii) an improved scenario generation process to support CI risk assessment.
Since the beginning of 2010 there has been a boom of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) with a goal of Critical Infrastructure Protection and Resilience (CIP-R) and Emergency Management (EM) in North America and partly in Europe and Australia as well. Currently having PPPs as one of the main ways to cope with CI interdependencies through engaging all stakeholders in order to build 'full-spectrum' resilience, it is important to look up to the best practices. Previous research has set the theoretical base of PPPs and claimed their high potential for enhancing CIP-R that is vastly unexploited due to challenges in their establishment and management. It is now necessary to move forward to studying partnerships' practical side -common issues they face, ways to overcome them and concrete benefits they are able to bring. Through studying seven cases, this work compares different PPP approaches and their contribution to CIP-R. The study demonstrates how challenges are faced and solved in an innovative way and how the benefits are reached. It also shows approaches and joint activities that support information sharing and trust building as the main ingredients that hold partners together and enable progress in other aspects, from which both public and private parties may benefit. Starting from the findings and a subsequent analysis within and between the seven cases, the study proposes a framework for the development of regional CIP-R. programmes in the context of a PPP.
This paper presents a simulation-based approach to the resilience analysis of Critical Infrastructures systems, making possible the characterisation of the structural resilience features of the system and estimation of the benefits that are derived from improved resilience practices, i.e., preparedness or responsiveness, due to enhanced information-sharing processes among the actors. Resilience characterisation is composed of assessment of the node vitality (i.e., the Missed Service Demand (MSD) generated at the system level) and agility (i.e., the sensitivity of system performance to an improved response time in the node). Scenario analysis is subsequently used to simulate different strategies intended to minimise the impacts of large events. The transportation system in the metropolitan area of Milan is used for this purpose; more specifically, a reduction of disruption response times in agile nodes was simulated according to a real snowfall scenario.
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