During the pandemic, global life has been adversely affected. These negativities have been observed in different dimensions, especially in health, economy, and education. The pandemic has also deeply affected many industries such as tourism. With the pandemic, damages have increased gradually in terms of both supply and demand. In this process, the view of the local people, one of the most important stakeholders of the tourism, towards tourism and tourists is very important. As a matter of fact, while there are health problems and social distance obligations that dominate the whole world on the one hand, economic concerns are dominant on the other hand. In this dilemma, the question that arises is whether COVID-`9 is a new barrier to local community interaction. In this study, based on this question, pandemic-induced social changes are evaluated in the context of local people tourism and tourist.
Jaroslav čukan -linda čukanová -boris michalík -marian Žabenský conteXts oF mInorIty cultureABSTRAKT Cieľom našej štúdie je predstaviť a interpretovať jedinečný, no vo všeobecnosti málo známy spôsob života beduínov ako kultúrnej a jazykovej minority v zložitých procesoch kultúrnych zmien od 70. rokov 20. storočia do roku 2010. Naznačujeme ekologické, sociálne, konfesionálne, ekonomické aj politické kontexty beduínskej identity. Spôsob života a kultúru beduínov porovnávame s majoritným prostredím. Problematika zasahuje do sociokultúrnej antropológie (etnológia, kultúrna ekológia) a kultúrnej geografie. Opakované krátkodobé terénne výskumy beduínskej kultúry v priestore Sýrskej púšte vykonal etnológ J. Čukan (Slovák), ktorý je aj autorom fotografií, s kolegom -historikom a žurnalistom Al-Absim (Arab zo Sýrie) v rokoch 2006-2010.KEY WORDS cultural minority; Bedouin culture; identity factors; economical activities; intergenerational and interpersonal family relations; tradition and cutlural transition; infl uence of globalization; armed confl icts ABSTRACT The aim of present study is to introduce and interpret specific and generally little-known living and culture of Bedouins as a cultural and language minority in difficult processes of cultural transitions from 1970´s by the year 2010. We are considering ecological, social, confesional, economical and political contexts of Bedouins identity. We are comparing Bedouins living and culture with majority environment. Present issue meets sociocultural anthropology (ethnology, cultural ecology) and cultural geography. Repeated short term field research in Syrian desert were realized by ethnologist J. Čukan (Slovak) who is also an author of photos and his former colleague -historian and journalist Al-Absi (Arab from Syria) in period 2006-2010.KĽÚČOVÉ SLOVÁ kultúrna minorita; beduínska kultúra; faktory identity; ekonomické aktivity; medzigeneračné a interpersonálne vzťahy v rodine; tradícia a kultúrna zmena; vplyv globalizácie; vojnové konfl ikty
About the Theory of Assimilation Processes: Construction of Slovak Minority CommunitiesThis contribution focuses on the problems of ethnic identity and assimilation processes in minority background, and concentrates on the problems of Slovak minorities. The author presents the classification of assimilation factors, which he designed on the basis of theoretical aspects of ethnicity. These assimilation factors have a vast influence on members of a minority in minority communities. This approach is guided by the results of the author’s field research and review of relevant literature, especially in the areas of the Republic of Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Serbia and Croatia. The paper contains new information that can contribute to the theory of assimilation processes. The research of these issues and the outlined factors of ethnic assimilation and their contexts certainly cannot be considered definitive. O teorii procesów asymilacyjnych: Kształtowanie się Słowackiej mniejszości narodowejArtykuł koncentruje się na problematyce tożsamości etnicznej i procesów asymilacyjnych zachodzących na gruncie wspólnot mniejszościowych, skupiając uwagę na mniejszości słowackiej. Autor przedstawia swoją klasyfikację czynników asymilacyjnych, opierającą się na teorii etniczności. Pokazuje, jak sprzyjające czynniki asymilacji oddziałują na członków wspólnot mniejszościowych. W swoim ujęciu zagadnienia uwzględnia wyniki przeprowadzonych przez siebie badań terenowych oraz literaturę przedmiotu, zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do Słowacji, Węgier, Rumunii, Serbii i Chorwacji. Artykuł zawiera nowe dane, które mogą przyczynić się do poszerzenia teorii procesów asymilacyjnych. Badania autora oraz przedstawiony w artykule zarys czynników asymilacji etnicznej i ich kontekstów z całą pewnością nie mogą zostać uznane za definitywne.
ČUKAN, Jaroslav -MICHALÍK, Boris. Cyril and Methodius in the Culture of Lowland Slovaks. The Thessalonian brothers are known among Slovak and Slavonic people as translators of the Scriptures into a language comprehensible to the people in the Great Moravian Empire and to other Slavs. Their evangelical mission and the creation of a language of worship has a Christian, cultural-emancipatory, ethno-identifying and at the same time ethno-differentiating character in the connection with Slavs as well as in relation to nations from other language groups or families. Slovakia adequately respects these personalities and their merits: St Cyril and Methodius Day celebrated on 5th July is dedicated to them, and this day is also the Day of Foreign Slovaks. These missionaries are thus in the centre of a contextual circle: Slavs -Slovaks in Slovakia and abroad -Cyril and Methodius -ethno-cultural identity. In researching individual components of cultural potential of the Lowland Slovaks, in the last three decades we have found much evidence to show how these personalities became part of the cultural of the Lowland Slovaks: as part of the church history, Christian theory and cultural history; memorial days in Christian calendars; providing the names for parishes and churches; the object of school teaching; Slavic and Slovak reciprocity; specific ways of commemorating the Thessalonian brothers through the visual arts, institutional celebrations and forgiveness as specific ecclesiastical, social and cultural events at the level of local and Christian communities and institutions; roads in the footsteps of Cyril and Methodius leading to Slovakia and to Nitra and deepening the companionship with the mother nation. The aim of the paper is to point out the interdisciplinary contexts of the study of their reflections in the Slovaks living in Lowland.
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