This paper presents an overview of the fundamentals of battery chargers, including charging algorithms and circuit implementation of linear and switching battery chargers. First, the basic operation of batteries is described under open circuit, discharging, and charging conditions. Next, an overview of the pulse charging scheme and its implementation is presented, followed by an overview of the Constant-Current Constant-Voltage (CCCV) charging scheme and the special considerations pertaining to charging Lithium Ion (Li-Ion) batteries. Linear and switching circuit realizations of the CCCV charging scheme are then presented, followed by an overview of battery fuel-gauging circuits, multi cell chargers, and cell-balancing techniques.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.