The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the addition of different amounts of fumaric acid (FA) and malic acid (MA) to the leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia (Black locust, acacia), Prunus laurocerasus (cherry laurel), Quercus cerris (oak), and Camellia sinensis (tea factory wastes, TFW), to improve their value as alternative feeds for ruminants. The parameters examined were the in vitro true digestibility of feed (IVTDAs fed), dry matter (IVTDDM), organic matter (IVTDOM), neutral detergent fiber (IVTDNDF) and count of protozoans. The digestibility experiments were performed with a DAISY incubator system. Organic acids were not added in the control group and 0.1%, 0.2% or 0.3% FA or MA were added to the experimental groups. Each treatment was replicated 6 times. Samples were incubated for 48 hours. Fumaric acid significantly reduced (P<0.01) all digestibility values of R. pseudoacacia leaves. When FA was applied at 0.1% to C. sinensis factory wastes, the IVTDOM increased significantly (P <0.05), with the same effect observed for Q. cerris (P<0.01). However, for the addition of 0.1% FA, IVTDAs Fed, IVTDDM and IVTDNDF values decreased significantly (P<0.01). Separately, malic acid did not have a significant effect on the in vitro true digestibility values determined in this study (P>0.05). Rumen protozoan counts decreased for both organic acid applications compared to counts in the fresh rumen contents. Because 0.1% fumaric acid increased the IVTDOM values of both C. sinensis factory wastes and Q. cerris leaves they can be considered potential alternative feed sources for ruminants.
This study aims to determine the effects of the inclusion of waste sesame seed (WSS) to concentrate feed on performance, carcass characteristics, and meat fatty acid profile of Karayaka lambs. A total of twenty-three lambs were randomly allocated to a control group (11 lambs, with an average live weight of 23.39±0.58 kg) and an experimental group (12 lambs, with an average live weight 23.55±0.41 kg). Also, each of the group was divided into two subgroups according to their gender. The lambs were fed with isonitrogenous (17% CP) and isocaloric (2650 kcal/kg ME) concentrate feeds containing either 0% WSS (control) or 10% WSS (experimental) for 60 days. Final live weight, average daily weight gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and carcass traits were not affected by diet, although they were higher in males than females (P<0.01). In addition, males presented a higher percentage of C17:1, C18:2 n6, C20:3 n6 (P<0.01), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (P<0.05) than females. In conclusion, the addition of WSS to the lamb diet did not increase the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in meat. However, WSS can be included up to 10% in concentrate feed of lambs during fattening period without negative effects on performance and carcass yield.
This study was conducted to determine the in vitro gas production (GP), organic matter digestibility (OMD), and energy values of ensiled white mulberry pomace (WMP), meadow grass (MG), and the mixtures of the two crops at three different ratios. The silages in WMP/MG mixtures containing 100, 75, 50, 25, and 0% WMP were evaluated by using of ANKOM RF GP system. It was observed that increasing levels of WMP in the silages enhanced GP. Whereas the OMD value of WMP silage was highest (53.27%) among all silages, MG silage was the lowest (47.83%). Higher ME, NEL, and OMD values were obtained in WMP and MG mixture silage at a ratio of 75:25 compared with the other mixtures. The results indicated that the OMD, ME, NEL, and non-fiber carbohydrate values were positively correlated with r=0.966, r=0.981, and r=0.957, respectively). The results of the study showed that the OMD and energy values of WMP100/MG silage were higher than the other silages. In addition, since ensiling of WMP with MG at different ratios will be resulted in increases in OMD and energy values of WMP/MG silages, incorporating unusual silages like WMP/MG silage into diets may provide a benefit to reduce in cost of livestock production.
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