BACKGROUNDChromosomal abnormalities are an important cause of congenital anomalies. OBJECTIVETo evaluate the pattern of chromosomal imbalances in congenital anomaly child and to find out the frequency of internal anomalies associated with external anomalies. METHODA total of 75 individuals in different age groups presenting clinical profile like syndromic features, congenital anomalies and facial dysmorphism were taken. All patients underwent clinical assessment, chest x-ray, echocardiogram and cytogenetic assessment through karyotyping. Chi-square test was used in the statistical analysis. RESULTSOut of 75 patients 40% are males, 60% are females of which chromosomal abnormalities detected 30% and 35% respectively; 62.66% have minor anomalies and major anomalies of 37.33%. Chromosomal abnormality detected includes Down's syndrome (77.77%), satellite 13 and 22(11.11%), turners syndrome (5.55%), trisomy 19(5.55%). Most common internal anomaly is congenital heart disease, predominantly atrioventricular septal defect. It has statistical significance with consanguinity (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONFrequency of Down's syndrome is high, reflecting the need of screening in all antenatal women. Karyotyping is recommended in all dysmorphic children as it can bring to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis and for genetic counselling of patients and families.
Anaemia is a manifestation of disease, not a disease in itself. Anaemia is a frequent laboratory abnormality in children. As many as 80 children in developing countries will be anaemic at some point by the age of 18 years. Most children with anaemia are asymptomatic, but have abnormal lab data on routine screening. Physical examination is also many a times normal. Detection and diagnosis are essential for rational analysis and management. Among the anaemias, Haemolytic anaemias are unique. The aetiology is diverse and many hereditary and acquired disorders play a role. Clinical presentation depends on the onset of erythrocyte destruction. The morbidity depends on the aetiology of haemolysis. This study focuses on the prevalence, age of presentation and clinical profile of haemolytic anaemia in children and will help in early diagnosis and planning of appropriate treatment. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF STUDYTo study the prevalence of various types of Haemolytic anaemia in children admitted in Paediatric wards at a tertiary care Hospital. To study the clinical profile, age at first presentation and the aetiology of the hereditary haemolytic anaemia and to study the utility of laboratory procedures in the diagnosis of hereditary haemolytic anaemia. To study the complications, treatment protocols and the response to treatment in hereditary haemolytic anaemia. METHODOLOGY INCLUSION CRITERIAThe sample consisted of children aged 1 month to 17 years, presenting with clinical symptoms and signs suggestive of haemolytic anaemia and those with peripheral blood smear suggestive of haemolysis. EXCLUSION CRITERIANeonates were excluded from the study. MANOEUVREIn the present hospital-based study, the prevalence of various types of haemolytic anaemia in children attending Coimbatore Medical College and Hospital was studied. In children diagnosed with hereditary haemolytic anaemia the clinical profile, complications, utility of the diagnostic procedures, treatment protocols and the response to the treatment were studied. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONIn the present hospital-based prevalence study, 52 children were diagnosed as having Haemolytic anaemia. In those children diagnosed as hereditary haemolytic disorders, the age at first presentation, clinical profile, complications, treatment protocols and response to the treatment were studied. In our study, the youngest child was 3-month-old female and the oldest was 3-year-old male. Most of the children were presented in the age group between 3 months to 12 months -8 cases (66.66%). Mean age at presentation is 9 months. In the present study, the frequency of Hb-S related disorders was high constituting 57.57% followed by Thalassemia syndromes constituting 39.36%. Average age at presentation of Thalassemia major was 9 months; Sickle cell anaemia 6 yrs.; Sickle cell trait 4 yrs. and Sickle thalassemia 5.5 yrs. Male: Female ratio for Thalassemia major was 2:1; Male: Female ratio for Sickle cell anaemia was 26:1. The common mode of presentation/complication for Thalassemia major was anaemia w...
BACKGROUNDIndications for transfusion include symptomatic anaemia, haemolytic anaemia, haematological malignancy, acute sickle cell crisis, and acute blood loss of more than 30 percent of blood volume, sepsis, etc. Fresh frozen plasma infusion can be used for reversal of anticoagulant effects. Platelet transfusion is indicated to prevent haemorrhage in patients with thrombocytopenia or platelet function defects. Cryoprecipitate is used in cases of hyperfibrinogenaemia, which most often occurs in the setting of massive haemorrhage or consumptive coagulopathy, factor VIII deficiency and Von Willebrand disease as an alternate to specific component therapy. Transfusion-related infections are less common than non-infectious complications. All non-infectious complications of transfusion are classified as non-infectious serious hazards of transfusion. Acute complications occur within minutes to 24 hours of the transfusion, whereas delayed complications may develop days, months or even years later. Blood transfusion can be a lifesaving procedure, but it has risks, including infectious and non-infectious complications. There is debate in the medical literature concerning the appropriate use of blood and blood products. Clinical trials investigating their use suggest that waiting to transfuse at lower haemoglobin levels is beneficial. This study will consider the indications for transfusion of blood and blood products, and will discuss common non-infectious complications associated with transfusion. Requirement of blood and blood component transfusions in children admitted in a tertiary care hospital and its related complications.
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