The majority of credible future air traffic management operational concepts are based in part on the negotiation and clearance of conflict-free 4-D trajectories. A key technology required to enable such operations is pervasive air-ground datalink with the ability for ground automation systems to communication directly with the flight management computer (FMC). A number of datalink technologies are competing to become the standard but only one, FANS over SatCom, is currently used operationally with functionality similar to the intended goal.' FAA and the standardization bodies intend that the datalink standard will eventually become CPDLC (the ATN message set) over ATN utilizing either VDL mode 2 or VDL mode 3 as the airground sub-network [l]. However, considering the slow pace of the CPDLC program it would be prudent to evaluate and foster alternative datalink technologies that demonstrate promise. Inmarsat, the current provider of safety of life satellite communications services for the aeronautical industry, is deploying their next generation satellite communication constellation based on their Inmarsat-4 satellite architecture. This system offers great promise toward remedying many of the stated shortcomings of the current satellite communication system that are responsible for the limitations of the FANS system. Since the existing FANS implementation has already solved most of the difficult challenges to attaining trajectory datalink (such as direct communication with the FMC) upgrading only the SDU may prove a relatively simple feat when compared with the hurdles still awaiting the CPDLC program. Furthermore, a system such as BGAN that was designed to support a wide range of voice and data services offers a I The PETAL Il trials in Europe are looking to extend this capability to FANS over plain old ACARS (POA) degree of flexibility in the allocation of ATC functions to communication services that is liiely to prove beneficial given the historically uncertain regulatory environment within air traffic control.The FANS system has demonstrated the capability of reducing separation from the lOOnmi lateral by 1 OOnmi longitudinal separation standards characteristic of procedural oceanic operations down to 30nmi lateral and 3On1ni longitudinal separation. To further reduce separation, the FANS system must be capable of providing ADS surveillance with an increased update rate and reduced latency as well as direct controller to pilot communications (DCPC). We contend that a next generation FANS service, based upon an aeronautical service extension to the BGAN system, would be capable of providing these enhanced communication and surveillance services resulting in the reduction of separation in oceanic and remote regions down to lOnmi longitudinal and lOnmi lateral separation. In addition to reduced separation and all of the associated benefits and efficiencies, the enhanced FANS service would also suppod existing and future AOC & AAC applications. alternative to VDL modes 2 and 3, these next generation satellite comm...
No abstract
Problems in online retrieval of information concerning medical devices are discussed, including background data regarding legislative history and terminology. An analysis of the results of searching on ten sample topics in this subject area provides a framework for approaching such problems. In addition to a consideration of recall, uniqueness, and overlap, other factors influence database selection and order of consultation. Indexing characteristics of selected health science, engineering, business, and regulatory databases play a major role in medical device information provision.
No abstract
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.