A model of managerial women's stress was tested (N = 249) with structural equation modeling. The model was developed from Lazarus's (1966) theoretical framework of stress/coping and incorporated 3 causal antecedent constructs (Demographics, Sex Role Attitudes, Agentic Traits), 4 mediating constructs (Environment, Appraisals, Engagement Coping, Disengagement Coping), and 3 outcomes (Work Performance, Distress, Satisfaction). The final model, found to be most plausible in the sample population, accounted for 56% of the total variance among the constructs. Lazarus's theory of psychological stress, which postulates a central role for cognitive appraisals and coping, was supported. In addition, agentic traits and sex role attitudes had both direct and indirect effects on outcome variables. Implications for career development theory and counseling, as well as limitations of the study, are discussed.

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This study had two aims: (a) to examine the relationship between self-esteem, social support, internalized homophobia and the coping strategies used by HIV+ gay men; and (b) to examine the relationship between the use of specific coping strategies and mood state. Eighty-nineHIV+ gay men completed a questionnaire package consisting of the Nungesser Homosexual Attitudes Inventory, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Profile of Mood States, the Revised Kaplan Scale, and the Ways of Coping Scale. Hierarchical stepwise regressions were conducted on the data with Avoidant (Escape-Avoidance and Distancing) and Proactive (Seeking Social Support and Positive Reappraisal) coping serving as criterion variables and self-esteem, social support, homophobia, and the interaction terms of homophobia x self-esteem and homophobia x social support serving as predictor variables. After removing the effects of time since diagnosis and stressor type, only small amounts of the total variance for each coping strategy could be explained by the predictor variables. Correlations between mood state and coping strategies were also low or nonsignificant. A reconsideration of the literature and an examination of the correlations between coping strategies suggested a different pattern of coping behaviours. The regressions were reanalysed using Escape-Avoidance and Accepting Responsibility (EAR coping) and Seeking Social Support and Planful Problem Solving (SPS coping). The equation predicting EAR coping reached significance (F(2,86)=20.2, 2<.01). Homophobia and self-esteem entered the equation and accounted for 30% of the explained variance. The equation predicting SPS coping also achieved significance ( F(3,85)=3.9, p.<.05) with stressor type, homophobia and time since diagnosis entering and accounting for 9% of the total variance. A third regression equation predicting mood state also achieved significance (F(4,84)=22.4, p_<.01). After removing the effects of time since diagnosis, which accounted for 4% of the total variance, EAR coping entered and explained 32% of the total variance. Homophobia and self-esteem entered after the coping variable, contributing 3% and 10%, respectively to the total variance after the other significant variables.The results help clarify the relationship between personal, environmental and contextual variables and the greater use of specific coping strategies in HIV+ gay men, as well as the relationship between coping strategies and mood state.

Art therapy (with an art therapist) and art making (without an art therapist) show promise as avenues for psychosocial support for women with breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of how 17 women with breast cancer in Canada and the USA used art therapy and their own art making to address their psychosocial needs, focusing particularly on meaning making. Narrative analysis of interviews yielded four storylines: Art and Art Therapy as a Haven; Getting a Clearer View; Clearing the Way Emotionally; and Enhancing and Enlivening the Self. The storylines show existence being affirmed, confirmed and proclaimed through visual artistic expression and meaning making being achieved through physical acts of making.

Multidisciplinary research teams that include faculty, students, and volunteers can be challenging and enriching for all participants. Although such teams are becoming commonplace, minimal guidance is available about strategies to enhance team effectiveness. In this article, the authors highlight strategies to guide qualitative teamwork through coordination of team members and tasks based on mutual adjustment. Using a grounded theory exemplar, they focus on issues of (a) building the team, (b) developing reflexivity and theoretical sensitivity, (c) tackling analytic and methodological procedures, and (d) developing dissemination guidelines. Sharing information, articulating project goals and elements, acknowledging variation in individual goals, and engaging in reciprocity and respectful collaboration are key elements of mutual adjustment. The authors summarize conclusions about the costs and benefits of the process.