Objectifs : Le manioc occupe une place de choix dans l’alimentation humaine en Côte d’Ivoire. Cependant sa culture est confrontée à de nombreuses contraintes d’ordre parasitaires, dont l’une des plus redoutables est la bactériose vasculaire causée par Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis. A l’exception de sa confirmation en 2015 en Côte d’Ivoire, aucune information scientifique substantielle n’a été rapportée sur cette maladie ainsi que sur les méthodes de lutte appropriées. L’objectif de la présente étude est d’étudier la diversité pathogénique des souches bactériennes, la sensibilité des principaux cultivars de manioc et d’évaluer les propriétés bactéricides du biopesticide NECO. Méthodologie et résultats : Des plants de 45 jours ont été inoculés par des souches de Xam, puis traiter avec une gamme de cinq concentrations (v/v) du biopesticide NECO. Les résultats montrent l’apparition de taches nécrotiques caractéristiques des symptômes de la bactériose après 72-96 h d’incubation. Sur 121 souches de Xam testées, 109 ont provoqué des symptômes typiques de la bactériose, alors que 12 souches se sont montrées avirulentes. La variété ''Diarrassouba'' a été la plus attaquée, tandis que le plus faible niveau de sensibilité est obtenu par ''Yavo'' et ''Bocou 2''. En outre, l’application du biopesticide NECO à 5 ml/L, après deux traitements a favorisé une reprise de 92,59 % des plants infectés contre 14,81 % du produit de référence. Conclusion et application de résultats : Les variétés ''Yavo'' et ''Bocou 2'' peuvent être conseillées aux producteurs de manioc dans les zones où sévit la bactériose vasculaire. Egalement, le NECO à la dose de 5 ml/L peut être utilisé dans les programmes de lutte intégrée contre cette maladie. Mots clés : Manioc, bactériose vasculaire, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis, pathogénicité, biopesticide NECO 13187 Affery et al., J. Appl. Biosci. Vol :130 2018 Diversité pathogénique des souches de Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis en Côte d’Ivoire, sensibilité des variétés de manioc et approche de lutte.. ABSTRACT Objective: Cassava is an important staple food in Côte d'Ivoire; however, it is faced with many parasitic constraints. Among them, bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Manihotis (Xam) is one of the most dreadful. This work aimed to develop strategies to manage the cassava blight disease. Methodology and results: Forty five (45)-day-old plants of cassava were inoculated with Xam strains and then treated with a range of five concentrations (v/v) of biopesticide NECO and essential oil from Ocimum gratissimum. The results showed necrotic spots indicating the onset of symptoms following the infiltration and the incubation at 72 to 96 hours. Of the 121 tested strains, 109 caused typical symptoms of bacterial blight, and 12 of them proved avirulent. The variety ''Diarrassouba'' was the most attacked, while the lowest levels of sensitivity were obtained with ''Yavo'' and ''Bocou 2.’’ Moreover, application of biopesticide NECO at 5 ml/L after two treatments favored a recovery of the infected plants by 92.59 % against 14.81% for the reference product. Conclusion and application of results: '' Yavo '' and '' Bocou 2 '' varieties can be recommended for cassava growers in areas where bacterial blight is prevalent. In addition, NECO at a dose of 5 ml/L can be used in IPM programs Keywords: Cassava, Bacterial Blight, pathogenicity, Xanthomonas, pathogenicity, biopesticide NECO
The post-harvest management of anthracnose is a major challenge for the stakeholders in mango sector. This constraint is linked to lake of an effective product and prohibition of several chemical molecules in the post-harvest fruit treatment. The present study aims to evaluate the level of efficiency of hot water in the control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioïdes (Penz), the causal agent of mango anthracnose var. 'Amelie' under in vitro and in vivo test conditions and its effect on some physico-chemical parameters of the fruit. It is part of the research for alternative solutions to the chemical method of controlling mango anthracnose after harvest. The germination inhibitory capacity of C. gloeosporioïdes spores of water at 45°C and in contact with the fruit during 4 soaking times (5; 10; 15 and 20 min) was evaluated. In addition, the effect of hot water on the development of anthracnose symptoms of artificially inoculated fruits and on their quality was tested. Soaking times of 15 and 20 min effectively reduced (11.98±2.72 and 17.79±3.18%) the germination of C. gloeosporioïdes (Penz) spores after 18 hours of observation. Soaking the mangoes in 45°C hot water for 20 min showed low infection rates (22.00 ± 4.01%) with small lesion sizes (0.12 ± 0.03 cm). However, not all treatments influenced the physico-chemical parameters of the treated var. 'Amélie' mangoes. In sum, hot water at 45°C did not provide 100% protection of the fruits for a long time, but can be used in combination with other methods.
The blossom end rot of fruit caused by calcium deficiency causes extensive damage going up to more than 50% of yield loss in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The present study was carried out in a greenhouse in a semi-controlled environment to evaluate the effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts and fertilizing with the powder of the leaves of Jatropha curcas on the growth parameters, the vigor of the plants, the size of the fruit, the rate of blossom end rot fruit, the yield and the accumulation of biomass Cobra 26 and Lindo varieties of tomato. The experimental system was a complete randomized block with 14 treatments repeated 3 times. Control plants were treated with tap water. Estimates of height, annulus diameter, fruit load, fruit size, blossom end rot fruit rate, yield as well as fresh and dry biomass were made. The aqueous extract at a concentration of 2 L/ha had the best vegetative development compared to all the treatments. As for the 3% alcoholic extract, it was the best in reducing the rate of blossom end rot fruits without any loss of yield and in accumulating fresh and dry aerial and root biomass. These results showed that the use of aqueous extracts, alcoholic extracts and the fertilizing with the powder of leaves of Jatropha curcas in the control of the blossom end rot of the tomato makes it possible to reduce efficiently the rate of blossom end rot fruits and the losses of yield.
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