Despite the economic significance of periwinkle [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don] the existence of genetic variation in traits have been largely unexplored and very little attempt has been done to improve its genetics for ornamental prospective. An experiment was conducted at the research farm of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab during 2019 to 2021 using 6 inbred lines of periwinkle to develop 30 F1 populations in full-diallel fashion. The highly significant positive heterobeltiosis was recorded in the progeny of Vi-29 × Vi-14-3 for leaf breadth, follicle length, number of flowers per plant and number of seeds per follicle. The cross combination Vi-13-2 × Vi-29 was recorded significantly high heterobeltiosis for plant height and plant spread. The minimum heterobeltiosis was recorded for plant spread and follicle length in cross Vi-14-3 × Vi-15-1. The highest mean performance of the parents reported in Vi-15-1 for plant spread, internode length, flower diameter, number of flowers per plant, follicle length and number of seeds per follicle. As per the results among the cross combinations superior mean performance was observed in the Vi-15-1 × Vi-14-3 for leaf length and number of flowers per plant. These findings suggest that hybridization is an efficient way of contributing genetic variability in periwinkle for landscape utilization.
Knowledge on complexion and level of genetic variability exist in the genotype as well the association among the different characters being indispensable for improvement in various traits. The present investigation was carried out to estimate the nature and level of genetic variability among six different inbred lines of periwinkle such as Vi-15-1, Vi-13-2, Vi-16, Vi-15-2, Vi-29 and Vi-14-3 as well as their thirty crosses combinations for ornamental characters. The highly significant variations between genotypes indicate the presence of variability in the investigated traits. The range was 5.35 to 34.41 in phenotypic coefficient of variations and 3.96 to 34.02 in genotypic coefficient of variations among the parental lines. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations among cross combinations recorded for plant spread, branches/plant and number of seeds/follicle. Moderate to high heritability together with high per cent of genetic advance was recorded for plant height, spread, primary branches per plant, internode length, follicle length and seeds/follicle among the parents. Among the cross combinations plant height, plant spread, branches/plant, internode length, flower diameter, follicle length and number of seeds/follicle have shown moderate to high heritability and high genetic advance (%). It was suggested that these characters were controlled by the additive gene action and further improvement could be achieved by selection for enhancement of ornamental traits.
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