Today, Korean society has entered the 'aging society' where average life expectancy has been continuously extended. As the stage of old age is being extended, dealing with remaining life and facing ideal way of death are emerging as significant value [1][2]. In Korea, the recent legislation on hospice passed the National Assembly (2016). This indicates the emphasis on the social need for 'death', which allows meaningful service to the last moments of life by receiving services that respect human dignity and value [3]. The importance of space for healthy death is also emphasized. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the planning elements of hospice space for physical, psychological, social and spiritual healing and to suggest better space planning to help beautiful finish of life while improving the quality of life of patients and their families.The study was conducted subjecting 2 facility hospices in Ulsan Metropolitan City from 18 September, 2016 to 30 September, 2016. Trained researchers conducted using the checklists on the status of spatial environment, which is utilized the planning and components of hospice space for physical, psychological, social, and spiritual healing based on previous research. For the visible matters, they were directly filled in and evaluated. For matters that cannot be confirmed, they contacted the manager of the facility to check and evaluate the situation, and gave 2 for •, 1 for ◐ and 0 for × and combined the scores. And researchers interviewed 20 employees in the hospice on the importance of each spatial planning element, and it was evaluated as "very important" as 5 and "not important at all" as 1 point.1) Overview of facilities and interviewees Hospice A was built in January 2010 and has a capacity of 115 people, with a basement floor and five floors above ground. It is stand-alone building with ward hospice. Hospice B, constructed in January 2015, is a ward-hospice located in a floor of a second basement, nine-floor university hospital. It has a total of 12 beds, single room, 5 men room, family room, treatment room, and bath room. Also, female employees were more involved in interviews than male employees were, and more than 80% of the participants (nurses, employees, etc.) were over the age of 41 were found.2) Evaluation of environmental characteristics and significance On the result of checklist regarding physical, psychological, social, and spiritual environment on hospice space, of the 20 items in the evaluation items of physical environment such as noise, humidity, air, lighting, safety and barrier free, Hospice A scored 33, the degree of achievement(acquisition score/number of items*2*100) is 82.5%. Hospice B scored 34, 85.0%. Among the 16 psychological environmental evaluation items evaluating privacy, natural environment, aesthetics, and livability, Hospice A had 28 points, 87.5%, and Hospice B got 28 points, 87.5%. Among the 11 items of the social environment evaluation of the convenience, leisure and social space planning of the family, Hospice A had achieved 8 ...
The aim of this study was to analyze the green building design elements in ideal housing plans formulated by university students in Korea, with consideration for popularization of the national green building policy.Data were collected from two universities (K and U Universities) in Korea during the 2017 spring semester; 110 students taking the liberal arts class were required to plan and draw their ideal housing environments. Ultimately, 107 cases were used for the analysis, which was based on seven categories for [1]Korean green building certification; 96 students included green building design elements in their plans, though none addressed water circulation management.Of the other six categories, ecological environments were applied most commonly in the drawings(70.8%), followed by indoor environment(49.0%), land use/transportation(41.7%), housing efficiency(18.8%), energy/environmental pollution(14.6%), and materials/resources(10.4%). A chi-square analysis was performed to investigate differences among students' characteristics. Those living in detached houses or multi-family housing focused on land use/transportation(χ²=6.250, p<.05); students with more than five family members focused on energy/environmental pollution(p<.05). On the other hand, materials/resources were stressed by students living in or formerly living in dormitories(p<.01; p<.05).Female students were more interested in indoor environments, in contrast to males(χ²=6.741, p<.01). Contents of the drawings were investigated in detail. Students drew ecological environments in complexes or on residential land predominantly, emphasizing gardening, green roofs/walls, and water spaces(67cases). For indoor environments, they mainly drew large windows for natural light(34cases), followed by soundproof construction/equipment(9cases), air pollution control(9cases), and natural ventilation(7cases). Regarding land use/transportation, convenient walking access to living facilities to decrease traffic loads were mostly expressed(32cases), followed by housing site development and the use of geographical features(12cases), proximity to public transportation(8cases), and bicycle trail/racks(4cases). For housing efficiency, 10cases involved safety (e.g., security systems), disaster prevention and response (e.g., escape equipment). Residential community facilities(6cases), spatial flexibility(3cases), and home networks(2cases) were also cited. Utilization of new generation energy such as sunlight, solar heat, and geothermal heat (10cases) and improvements for energy efficiency(e.g., triple-glazed windows or thick walls) were named as energy/environmental concerns. For materials/resources, the use of recycled materials(6cases), certified products(2cases) and recycling storage facilities (2cases) were mentioned.Results indicate that students perceived green building design environments as green environments and prefer to use equipment that promotes good health and moods, such as natural lights. Such ideals differ somewhat from the direction of the national green bu...
The aims of this study were to grasp the real condition state and clarify the characteristics and influence of pollutants on the indoor air pollution in occupied apartment units. The research method was to measure the pollution levels of indoor air pollution, and investigate characteristics of the pollutants such as the outdoor environment, elapsed time after construction, finished materials, temperature, relative humidity, space extension, purchase with furniture and electric appliances, built-in closets, and method for cleaning the air. And these were made a comparition between industrial and residential area. The VOCs and formaldehyde concentration in indoor air were measured the 6 household in residental area and 5 household in industrial area. In conclusion, the concentration such as benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylene, styrene showed the pollution state within permissible levels, however formaldehyde concentration has need a lot of attention as ever. And it turned out that the influence with reference to emission from building materials on indoor air pollution lessened under 18 months elapsed time after construction.
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