Background Nicotine dependence is a significant public health issue, and understanding the factors associated with nicotine dependence in this population is crucial for developing effective interventions. This study examined the association between family functioning and nicotine dependence levels of smoking fathers based on the McMaster model of family functioning (MMFF), providing evidence for future interventions. Methods In this study, we selected fathers of first- to fifth-grade students from 10 pilot elementary schools in Qingdao whose families smoked. We used the Fagerstrom test to assess nicotine dependence and the Family Assessment Device to evaluate family functioning. We performed univariate analysis to compare differences among those with different levels of nicotine dependence, and we used an ordinal logistic regression analysis to investigate the influences related to nicotine dependence. Results This study included 874 smokers, with 78.5% having mild nicotine dependence, 11.7% having moderate dependence, and 9.84% having severe dependence. Univariate analysis showed that smokers with severe dependence had lower education levels, higher prevalence of chronic diseases, more frequent alcohol consumption, and poorer family functioning compared to those with mild to moderate dependence. Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that poorer general functioning scores (OR = 1.087, 95% CI: 1.008–1.173, P = 0.030), poorer behavioral control (OR = 1.124, 95% CI: 1.026–1.232, P = 0.012), more quit attempts, frequent alcohol consumption, and longer smoking duration may be associated with a higher likelihood of developing severe nicotine dependence. The older age of starting smoking and higher education level may be associated with a lower likelihood of developing severe nicotine dependence. However, it is important to note that the cross-sectional nature of this study precludes the determination of causal relationships. Conclusions This study finds that heavy nicotine dependence in smoking fathers is associated with risky behaviors and demographics such as longer smoking duration and frequent alcohol consumption. Targeted smoking cessation interventions are crucial for this group, taking these specific factors into consideration. Family functioning, particularly general functioning and behavioral control, may also be linked to nicotine dependence, indicating the need for further research in this area.
Background: Nowadays, college students are more accessible and susceptible to being exposed to mixed information than ever, which results in a growing concern about their health problems and medication behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between medication literacy, health literacy, and medication behavior among medical school students. Methods: A cluster random sampling method was used to select 1324 undergraduate students from a medical school in China as participants for the questionnaire survey in 2020. After quality control, 1183 valid questionnaires were collected (an effective rate of 89.4%). Descriptive statistics analysis, chi-square test, binary logistic regression analysis, and path analysis were conducted using SPSS 25.0. Results: Of the 1183 respondents whose mean age was 19.06, 164 (13.9%) were considered to have good medication literacy, 150 (12.7%) had good health literacy, and 497(42.0%) exhibited good medication behaviors. Lower grades, higher health literacy levels, and higher medication literacy levels were effective in better performance on medication use behavior (P<0.001). Poor self-assessment of health status was correlated with worse medication behavior (P<0.05). it was concluded that medication literacy may be an intermediate variable linking health literacy and medication use behavior. Conclusion: Students in the medical college showed much higher rates of rational medication use when they have medication and health literacy. There was an indirect positive relationship between health literacy and medication behavior through medication literacy (P<0.001). Therefore, health literacy and medication literacy can be an essential part of medication safety education for college students as well as an ideal indicator for educational outcome evaluation.
Background The application of virtual reality (VR) in gastroscopic operation teaching can be safe and effective, but the advantages can be realized only when students accept and use it. This study aims to identify the factors influencing Chinese clinical medical postgraduates on their intention to use the 3D gastroscopic model constructed based on VR technology using Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. Students’ demographic factors are also taken into consideration. Methods All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines. Data were collected from clinical medical postgraduates students in China using stratified sampling. A total of 292 questionnaires including valid responses were used in this study. Data were processed using Amos 24.0 and SPSS 26.0 software and the statistical analysis technique was based on structural equation modeling (SEM). Results The results showed that different from the mediator of home location and year of clinical learning, mediator of gender, university kind and graduate degree did not affect the behavioral intention. In addition, performance expectancy, facilitating condition, and social influence directly and indirectly have effect on behavioral intention. Also, the significance between social influence and performance expectancy, social influence and effort expectancy were verified. Conclusions This study manifested that the proposed framework based on the UTAUT had explanatory power to identify the factors influencing the students’ behavioral intention to use the 3D gastroscopic model constructed based on VR technology. Whereas, an important variable of effort expectancy in the frame of the SEM were not certified, thereby indicating that particular attention should be paid to this variable by universities and teachers before applying 3D gastroscopic model constructed based on VR technology in teaching. Added preparatory work is required such as explaining the basic knowledge of the operating steps of VR model and make students adequately understand its accessibility, which can probably improve the intentions of them to use it. The positive effects of social influence on performance expectancy and effort expectancy we proposed was also verified in this study, which provided a direction for future research.
Background: Smoking cessation is not only good for the health of the quitters themselves but also helps reduce the exposure of their families to secondhand smoke. However, nicotine dependence can make smoking cessation very difficult, and studying the relationship between nicotine dependence and family functioning may better help smoking fathers quit. This study examined the association between family functioning and nicotine dependence levels of smoking fathers based on the McMaster model of family functioning (MMFF), providing evidence for future interventions. Methods: In this study, fathers of second to fifth-grade students whose families smoked in 10 pilot elementary schools in Qingdao were selected. The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence(FTND) consists of six questions. The70-item Family Assessment Device developed by Epstein and others was used to assess family functioning. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze differences in family functioning among those with different levels of tobacco dependence, and a binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the influences associated with tobacco dependence. Results: A total of 874 study subjects were included. Most respondents had mild to moderate tobacco dependence (90.16%), and a tiny percentage had heavy tobacco dependence (9.84%). The average age of first smoking was 27.77 years, and the average number of years of smoking was 12.06 years. Family Functioning Scale scores showed that respondents with mild to moderate tobacco dependence had lower total FAD scores and scores on five dimensions than those with heavy tobacco dependence(P<0.05). A one-way ANOVA revealed poorer family functioning (P<0.001), younger age at first smoking (P<0.001), and older age at smoking (P<0.001) for severe tobacco dependence compared to respondents with mild to moderate tobacco dependence. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that poorer family functioning increased the risk of heavy tobacco dependence (P<0.05); longer smoking duration and more frequent quitting were both risk factors for tobacco dependence (P<0.05); and older age at first smoking was less associated with heavy tobacco dependence (P<0.05) Conclusions: The better the family functioning, the lower the level of tobacco dependence, while poor general functioning, weak behavioral control, long years of smoking, and quitting more than or equal to 2 times are all risk factors for tobacco dependence.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.