The trial with different side-dressing fertilizations for winter wheat has been conducted at Vetovo site, Croatia, in vegetation seasons 2007/08 and 2008/09. The five side-dressing fertilizations has been tested (Control - no sidedressing, KAN - 100 kg KAN ha-1 in tillering and jointing stages; M1 - 8 l of foliar NPK fertilizer 'Profert Mara' ha-1; M2 - 16 l ha-1 of foliar fertilizer, and; M3 - 24 ha-1 of foliar fertilizer) at four winter wheat cultivars (Anika, Fiesta, Gabi and Rapsodija), with previously applied 400 kg NPK 7:20:30 ha-1 for all treatments. Results showed that all foliar side-dressing treatments gave winter wheat grain yield higher than the control, and that M1 treatment showed equal in comparison with KAN side-dressing. Treatments M2 and M3 had, in comparison with the control, KAN and M1 treatments, higher yields which leads toward conclusion that foliar treatments can be recommended for side-dressing for given agroecological conditions
The use of cover crops is a recognized and well known method for soil tilth, soil nutrients conservation and weed suppression, whereas the utilization of winter cover crops for early spring fodder is not sufficiently investigated, especially in organic agriculture, where special rules have been applied. The experimental set up near Valpovo, Croatia, at the eutric brown cambisol soil type, during the years of 2007 and 2008, aimed toward effects of different cover crops and their mixtures on the biomass production and cover crops potential for early spring fodder. The experimental set-up was CRBD in four repetitions, with eight cover crop treatments after soybean (Glycine max L.) and pop-corn maize (Zea mays L. var. everta): WW -winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), RY -winter rye (Secale cereale L.) FP -field pea (Pisum arvense L.); HV -hairy vetch (Vicia vilosa L.); WF -mixture of WW and FP; WHmixture of WW and HV; RF -mixture of RY and FP; and RH -mixture of RY and HV. The highest dry biomass production treatments were WW and RY after soybean with 3123 and 2987 kg of dry matter per ha, and RY and WW after maize, with 1656 and 1399 kg of dry matter ha -1 , respectively. Regarding protein production potential, WW and RY treatments after soybean yielded 226 and 183 kg of proteins, whereas HV and WH treatments after maize produced 155 and 143 kg of proteins, respectively.
Three soil-potassium (K) tests were compared using soil and plant samples collected during fertilization and liming experiments in Croatia on very acid dystric luvisol and slightly alkaline calcaric regosol. Soil samples were analyzed for pH KCl , pH H2O , organic matter, and ammonium lactate (AL, pH 3.75)-extracted phosphorus (P) and K. In addition, K was extracted with ammonium acetate (AA, pH 7) and with ammonium acetate ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (AAEDTA, pH 4.6). In spring 2003, the dystric luvisol was limed with 0, 10, or 20 t ha -1 carbocalk (by-product at sugar beet processing, effective neutralizing value 69.1%). During the next four seasons, four different crops were grown without fertilization, with standard fertilization, and with doubled P amounts. All three soil K tests showed highly significant correlations of fertilization impact on extractable soil K and can be efficiently used for fertilizer recommendations. Balance calculation is closer to results of extractable K on fertilized plots than on control plots and use of AAEDTA or AL than AA extraction.
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