The paper analyses different prosumer models with photovoltaic (PV) panels as local sources of electricity. The calculations were performed on the example of the building of the Technical Faculties in Belgrade, for which data on consumption and available roof surfaces for the installation of photovoltaic panels were available. The analyses included three models of prosumers. The first model assumes that the maximum available power of the PV panel production does not exceed the corresponding power consumption. The second model assumes that the maximum available power of PV panel production can be higher than the peak power of the building, but the production is limited by prohibiting counter flow of power. The third model assumes that the installed power of the PV panels is equal to the approved power, whereby it is assumed that the user distributes excess energy to the distribution network. For all analysed models, the calculation of the installed power of PV panels and inverters was performed, as well as the economic valorization through various indicators. The optimal models were considered based on the obtained calculation results and carbon dioxide emission reduction was calculated for each of the solution. It has been shown that investing in prosumers designed according to the optimal first and second model is already profitable in Serbia, while to encourage the development of prosumers according to the third model, it is necessary for the government to create appropriate financial instruments.
An optimization model which determines optimal spatial allocation of wind (WPPs) and PV power plants (PVPPs) for an energy independent power system is developed in this paper. Complementarity of the natural generation profiles of WPPs and PVPPs, as well as differences between generation profiles of WPPs and PVPPs located in different regions, gives us opportunity to optimize the generation capacity structure and spatial allocation of renewable energy sources (RES) in order to satisfy the energy needs while alleviating the total flexibility requirements in the power system. The optimization model is based on least squared error minimization under constraints where the error represents the difference between total wind and solar generation and the referent consumption profile. This model leverages between total energy and total power requirements that flexibility resources in the considered power system need to provide in the sense that the total balancing energy minimization implicitly bounds the power imbalances over the considered time period. Bounding the power imbalances is important for minimizing investment costs for additional flexibility resources. The optimization constraints bound the installed power plant capacity in each region according to the estimated technically available area and force the total energy production to equal the targeted energy needs. The proposed methodology is demonstrated through the example of long-term RES planning development for complete decarbonization of electric energy generation in Serbia. These results could be used as a foundation for the development of the national energy strategy by serving as a guidance for defining capacity targets for regional capacity auctions in order to direct the investments in wind and solar power plants and achieve transition to dominantly renewable electricity production.
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