The aeration rate for the degree of purification of highly concentrated galvanic wastewater from zinc and ferrum ions was investigated using various activation methods. It is shown that the intensity of aeration has a significant effect on the quality of wastewater treatment and the characteristics of water treatment sludge. The efficiency of the use of an energy-saving method for activating the ferritization process with the use of electromagnetic pulses for the extraction of zinc ions from wastewater has been confirmed. It was determined that with an increase in the aeration rate to 3.5 dm3/min per 1 dm3 of the reaction mixture and the use of thermal activation of the process, the residual concentration of zinc ions remains within the range of 0.12÷0.2 mg/dm3. In this case, the concentration of ferrum ions decreases to values of 0.08÷0.14 mg/dm3. It was found that at an aeration rate of 2.5 dm3/min and the use of pulsed electromagnetic (EMP) activation, the residual concentrations of heavy metal ions decrease to values of 0.08÷0.16 mg/dm3. Comparison of the results indicates the advisability of using low rates of aeration of the reaction mixture. This, together with the use of resource-saving EMR process activation, allows to achieve a significant reduction in energy costs. The quantitative phase composition of ferritization precipitates was determined, in which the crystalline phases of zinc ferrite Zn2Fe2O4 and magnetite Fe3O4, as well as ferrum oxyhydroxide FeO (OH) and sodium sulfate Na2SO4, prevail. It is found that with an increase in the volumetric aeration rate, the proportion of the ferrite phase increases. At an aeration rate of 2.0 dm3/min, more than 85 % of the zinc ferrite phase was found in the sediments. Taking into account the qualitative and quantitative composition of precipitates, it is recommended to use them in the production of building materials. The experimental results obtained make it possible to provide a comprehensive processing of liquid galvanic waste.
Given the relevance of the problem of wastewater treatment from heavy metal ions, and in particular from zinc ions, it is necessary to study the regularities of the process. One of the key aspects is the kinetics of the process and the dependence of the ion extraction efficiency on the duration of the purification process. Reducing the time of the process makes it possible to reduce the cost of electrical energy for technological processes, in particular for the activation of the reaction mixture by heating or electromagnetic pulses. Based on the obtained results of the experiment, a mathematical model of the kinetics of the process of extracting zinc ions from wastewater by ferritization with thermal and electromagnetic pulse activation was built. A regression model was used for data processing and an algorithm for calculating the dependence of the degree of purification on the time of the process was proposed. Determined the degree of purification of wastewater from heavy metal ions at different values of the process duration. The expediency of carrying out the process of ferritization cleaning with a duration of 10-15 minutes has been substantiated.
The prospects of increasing of environmental safety level for industrial enterprises as a result of the use of the modern ferromagnetic sorbents for the purification of rinsing wastewater from heavy metal compounds are considered. The structure of the obtained powder sorbents was studied by the granulometric method and X-ray phase analysis. A laboratory setup was developed to study of influence of sorption parameters on extraction degree of toxic substances from wastewater. The sorption properties of powders obtained by co-precipitation of polyvalent ferrum compounds, electroerosion dispersion of steel shavings and iron ore flotation concentrate are compared. Effect of ultrasonic treatment of coprecipitation reaction mixture and the speed of mixing of the sorption mixture on the quality of wastewater treatment from zinc ions was studied. The best results of sorption water purification were achieved with use of freshly obtained pasty suspension of ferritization coprecipitation at a stirring speed of the sorption mixture of 1200 rpm. It was found, that under such conditions a high degree of extraction of Zn2+ ions ̶ 98 % is ensured, and the resulting purified solution meets the standards for the content of zinc ions in water for its reuse in the rinsing operations at electroplating facilities. The use of research results at industrial enterprises will prevent environmental pollution by toxic heavy metals, replace inefficient technologies, and ensure rational use of water and raw materials in the industrial productions.
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