Heterogeneous catalysis is in recent focus of research for biodiesel production from vegetable oils because of advantages such as easy separation and reuse of catalysts, although homogeneous catalysis is most commonly used method. The aim of this study was preparation of γ-Al 2 O 3 supported by modified sol-gel procedure, synthesis of the KI/Al 2 O 3 catalyst and testing its activity in the transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol. Influences of different process parameters on conversion of sunflower oil to methyl esters were examined. The gained results implicate that the potassium iodide incorporation into/ /onto the structure of γ-Al 2 O 3 significantly influences textural and structural properties of the catalyst. Additionally, the catalyst basic strength is increased and all together those properties are positively affecting the activity of the catalyst in the reaction of transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol. The impregnation of alumina with potassium iodide resulted in the additional formation of basic catalytically active sites. The surface properties of the catalyst have an essential impact on its catalytic performance. Under relatively mild process conditions and relatively short reaction time, the usage of the KI/Al 2 O 3 catalyst resulted in very high conversion to fatty acids methyl esters (i.e., 99.99%).
Given the importance of Thymus glabrescens as a useful antibacterial remedy, we have evaluated the antibacterial and streptomycin-modifying activity of Thymus glabrescens essential oil, geraniol, geranyl acetate and thymol. It was shown that all substance-streptomycin combinations produced predominantly antagonistic interactions. Furthermore, combinations between geraniol and thymol showed dominant additive effect. Chemoinformatics results, combined with experimental data, suggest that antagonistic interactions with streptomycin were not a consequence of the antimicrobial action at the same target, but an outcome of the membrane impairment, followed by the membrane potential/proton motive force dissipation, which decreased the streptomycin uptake. Furthermore, the membrane toxicity of geraniol and thymol was confirmed by their additive antibacterial interactions and parameters of their penetration and accumulation throughout a cell membrane. This study should greatly help in an intelligent and a controlled pharmacomodulation of antibiotics.
Reciklaža katodnog materijala iz istrošenih litijum-jonskih baterija IZVOD U ovom radu je prikazana struktura i princip rada Li-jonskih baterija. Dat je kratak pregled razvoja katodnih i anodnih materijala i izneti su zahtevi koje je potrebno da separator i elektrolit ispune kako bi se koristili u Li-jonskim baterijama. Takođe, u radu su prikazani svi stadijumi u procesu reciklaže Li-jonskih baterija, sa posebnim osvrtom na hidrometalurški tretman katodnog materijala i valorizaciju litijuma i kobalta.
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