Counselor educators have not made widespread use of the various instructional designs, programs, and materials that have been developed by educational technologists. The use of instructional objectives is one of the keystones of the new educational technology. Their use in designing programs for preparing counselors and counseling psychologists is described.
Leaders of campus social-political action groups were compared with the leaders of 4 other categories of student groups on the basis of personality characteristics as inventoried by the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire Significant differences among the 5 categories of group leaders were observed on 10 scales of the inventory. 3 of the scales, Factors G, M, and Qi, appeared to differentiate social-political action leaders from leaders of other campus groups. These results were similar to those reported in studies of members of the Free Speech Movement at Berkeley. In addition, significant differences between male and female leaders were observed on 5 scales and between leaders of liberal and conservative social-political action groups on 6 scales.Events on the Berkeley campuB of the University of California during the fall semester of 1964 signaled an end to the relative calm of traditional collegiate life. Since that time, various institutions of higher education have been disturbed by recurring manifestations of student unrest. Student social-political activities, especially of a militant nature, have dispelled the long-decried assumption of social and political apathy among college students. Reactions to such activities have ranged from expressions of apprehension {V. S. News & World Report, 1965) and caution (Jones, 1965) to statements of encouragement and support (Katz & Sanford, 1965;The New Republic, 1965) of student involvement in social-political affairs and educational reform.Unfortunately, a disproportionate amount of time has been spent debating and speculating on the merits and implications of student participation in controversial and radical movements. Only a few attempts have been made to obtain data that would facilitate an understanding of the characteristics of individuals and groups
Attempted to replicate M. Fould's (see pa, vol. 43:9852) findings on the personality characteristics of counselors with 25 male and 25 female graduate students in counseling. Ss completed the personal orientation inventory and R. Carkhuff's (see pa, vol. 44:16766) scales assessing facilitative communication. Foulds' findings that certain personality characteristics associated with self-actualization were significantly related to the communication of empathic understanding and facilitative genuineness could not be replicated. The conclusion drawn by foulds that the ability to provide facilitative conditions during counseling is positively related to the psychological well-being or self-actualization of the counselor is questioned.
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