Purpose. To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of inpatients who underwent surgery for glaucoma at Tianjin Eye Hospital from 2013 to 2017. Methods. All glaucoma inpatients who underwent surgery at Tianjin Eye Hospital from 2013 to 2017 were evaluated. The relationships of age and sex with different types of glaucoma were analyzed. The differences in the prevalence and family history of glaucoma among patients with different systemic diseases were compared. Additionally, the effects of different surgical methods for primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) were compared. Results. A total of 4539 patients with glaucoma were retrospectively analyzed. The most prevalent type was PACG (60.15%), followed by secondary glaucoma (SG, 25.53%), POAG (7.6%), uncontrollable intraocular pressure (IOP) after antiglaucoma surgery (4.71%), mixed glaucoma (MG, 10%), and congenital glaucoma (CG, 0.9%). The main surgical methods were phacoemulsification (phaco), phacotrabeculectomy (phaco-trab), and trabeculectomy (trab). The rate of phaco-trab increased, while that of trab decreased. The proportion of women in the PACG group was higher than those in the POAG and SG groups, and there was a pronounced tendency for family clustering (
P
<
0.001
), while in the POAG and SG groups, the proportions of men and those with diabetes were higher (
P
<
0.05
). Conclusions. In Tianjin Eye Hospital from 2013 to 2017, the main type of glaucoma was PACG. Female sex and a family history of glaucoma were risk factors for PACG, while male sex and hyperglycemia were risk factors for POAG and SG. Among the antiglaucoma surgery methods, the proportion of phaco-trab increased, while the proportion of trab decreased.
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Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a novel technology that uses biological catalysts to directly convert chemical energy in sewage organic matter into electrical energy. The performance of MFC is greatly influenced by the properties of electrode anode in MFC. Therefore, how to obtain specific electrode anode with excellent physical and chemical properties has become the focus of MFC research. Graphene has been widely concerned and gained extensive research and increasing development in the field of MFC due to its excellent electrical conductivity, catalytic properties, and outstanding specific surface area. In particular, the performance of MFCs has been improved by using graphene-based anodes instead of conventional unmodified anodes, which benefits from high biocompatibility, fast electron transfer efficiency, and preferrable bacteria colonization. In this review, various graphene-based nanomaterials are introduced as anodes in MFC, such as graphene/carbon nanocomposites, graphene/metal composite, graphene/metal oxide composite, graphene/conductive polymer composite, and three-dimensional graphene aerogels. This review also provides recent research progress in graphene-based nanomaterials, including synthesis methods, the structure, and the characteristics of these nanomaterials. Furthermore, the influences of graphene-based anodes on the electricity generation performance of MFCs are particularly reviewed to provide an efficient indication in selecting suitable graphene-based anode material for developing MFCs to realize sewage treatment.
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